农田重金属钝化剂研究进展

Research Progress of Farmland Heavy Metal Passivant

农田重金属污染原位钝化修复是通过向土壤中添加钝化剂来降低重金属的有效浓度和生物有效性,从而降低重金属对生态环境和土壤—作物系统的危害。这种方法因操作简便、见效快、适合大面积修复而被广泛应用,且不同类型钝化剂具有不同的修复效果和修复机制。本文从无机类、有机类、新型材料三个方面对钝化剂进行分类,并从修复机理、修复效果、影响因素以及注意的问题等方面分析钝化剂修复重金属污染的现状。针对实际环境中存在的多种重金属复合污染,利用复合钝化剂进行修复,今后需进一步研究钝化剂修复机理以及探寻新的修复材料,并通过长期田间试验监测修复效果稳定性。

In situ immobilization of heavy metals in contaminated farmland is adding passivant into soil to reduce the effective concentration and bioavailability of heavy metals,thereby reduce the hazards of heavy metals to ecological environment and soil-crop system.This method is widely used due to its characteristics of simple operation,quick effect and suitable for large-scale restoration.Different kinds of passivant have different remediation effects and mechanisms.In this paper,the passivant was classified into three types of inorganic,organic and new materials,then the status of heavy metal pollution remediation was analyzed in terms of remediation mechanisms,remediation effects,affecting factors and the notices.And the composite passivant was used aiming at the combined contamination of multiple heavy metals in actual environment.It was suggested that the further research should pay more attention to restoration mechanism and new passivants,and the stability of remediation effects needed to be monitored through long-term field experiment.