高精料日粮下添加阿卡波糖对奶牛瘤胃及后肠发酵的影响研究

The effect of acarbose addition on rumen and hindgut fermentation in dairy cows fed high-concentrate diets

本试验旨在探讨高精料日粮下添加阿卡波糖对奶牛瘤胃和后肠发酵的影响。试验选用3头干奶期荷斯坦奶牛,采用3×3拉丁方试验设计,阿卡波糖添加剂量为0,0.5和1.0g/d,试验分3期进行,每期21d。结果表明,与对照组比较,添加阿卡波糖显著降低了奶牛瘤胃液中丙酸浓度(P<0.05),提高了乙丙比(P<0.05),但对瘤胃pH值、乳酸、乙酸、异丁酸、丁酸、异戊酸、戊酸、总挥发性脂肪酸和氨氮浓度无显著影响(P>0.05);与对照组比较,添加阿卡波糖显著降低了粪便pH值和氨氮浓度(P<0.05),提高了乳酸、丁酸和异戊酸浓度(P<0.05),但对乙酸、丙酸、异丁酸、戊酸、总挥发性脂肪酸和乙丙比无显著影响(P>0.05)。结果说明,高精料日粮下长期添加阿卡波糖虽可影响瘤胃液中个别挥发性脂肪酸的浓度,但对瘤胃整体发酵和瘤胃pH值无显著影响,此外,添加阿卡波糖可增加后肠发酵,并可能对后肠健康带来潜在危害。

In this study,three cannulated Holstein cows （590±48 kg liveweight）were used to investigate the effect of acarbose （glucosidase inhibitor）addition （0,0.5 and 1.0 g/d）on ruminal and hindgut fermentation characteristics in a 3±3 Latin square design.The results showed that acarbose addition decreased the propio-nate concentration in rumen fluid （P 〉0.05）,increased the ratio of acetate to propionate （P 〈0.05）but did not affect the concentrations of lactate,acetate,isobutyrate,butyrate,isovalerate,valerate,total volatile fatty acid,ammonia-nitrogen,and pH value compared with the control （P 〈0.05）.Acarbose addition decreased the pH value and ammonia-nitrogen levels （P 〈0.05 ）and increased the concentrations of lactate,butyrate, isovalerate （P 〈0.05）in feces,but no differences were observed in the concentration of acetate,propionate, isobutyrate,valerate,total volatile fatty acid and the ratio of acetate to propionate among the three groups.In general,our data revealed that acarbose addition may not be useful for preventing the occurrence of ruminal aci-dosis in the long term.Additionally,acarbose addition may increase hindgut fermentation and produce detri-mental effects on the hindgut health of dairy cattle.