美国大学和科研机构的技术转移及收益管理

Technology Transfer Efforts and Return Distribution of Universities and Institutes of the United States

本文重点研究了美国几类有代表性的研究机构在技术转移和收益管理方面的做法，包括国立卫生研究院、美国地质调查局、能源部下属的国家实验室以及两所顶尖大学斯坦福大学和麻省理工学院等。美国联邦政府对科研机构的技术转移和收益分配有明确的规定，各大学和科研机构在实施当中又制定了具体的细则和做法。总体看来美国对发明创造者的权益管理严格规范特别重视避免利益冲突。

This paper examines the regulations and practices of selected institutes, including NIH, USGS and national libraries and two top universities, i.e. Stanford University and MIT. There are laws and regulations at the federal level which guide the technology transfer efforts and return distributions. The institutes have their own regulations and guidelines in practice. It is concluded that the regulations focus on the protection of the rights and interests of the inventors and the avoidance of the conflicts of interests.