山东大学学生志愿者在结核病防治知识社会传播中的作用评价

The evaluation of social transmission of tuberculosis prevention and cure knowledge in student volunteers from Shandong university spreading of tuberculosis knowledge

目的评价山东大学学生志愿者传播结核病防治知识社会实践活动的效果，探索大学生志愿者结核病防治知识社会传播模式。方法2013年5月，根据志愿者选聘条件和任务目标，按照自荐原则，选取山东大学公共卫生学院和临床学院的低年级研究生及高年级本科生作为志愿者，共计30名。对志愿者进行结核病防治知识及核心信息、传播活动及社会实践活动技巧、知晓率问卷调查等培训。由志愿者利用暑假，回到家乡自主选择城镇社区、乡村、工厂、学校，开展10-15d的结核病防治知识健康宣传，他们分成23个组于宣传前后各选择100名受众进行结核病防治核心信息知晓率问卷调查。宣传前获得有效问卷2143份，有效率93．2％（2143／2300）；宣传后获得有效问卷2135份，有效率92．8％（2135／2300）。结果宣传前后被调查对象结核病防治核心信息的总知晓率由51．3％（6599／12858）提高至74．8％（9588／12810），差异有统计学意义（X2=1524．67，P〈0．01）。被调查者“从没听说过肺结核”者的比率由11．5％（247／2143）下降至4．2％（90／2135），差异有统计学意义（X2=78．76，P〈0．01）；核心信息中“我国在结核病定点医疗卫生机构对肺结核治疗的部分项目实施免费政策”和“如果咳嗽、咯痰2周以上，应及时到医院诊治”两条知晓率提高较为明显，分别由宣传前的28．7％（616／2143）和27．1％（581／2143）上升至宣传后的60．8％（1298／2135）和59．0%（1260／2135），差异均有统计学意义（X2值分别为444．39、444．08，P值均〈0．01）。结论将结核病防治知识传播与大学生志愿者社会实践活动有机结合，可以有效提高受众对结核病防治核心信息的知晓率。

Objective To evaluate the effect of knowledge, which carried out by student volunteers the social practice of tuberculosis （TB） prevention and control from Shandong University, and explore the mode of social transmission of TB prevention and control. Methods A total of 30 junior graduate students and senior undergradu- ate students in School of Public Health and Clinical College, Shandong University were selected as volunteers based on the criterion and objective, in accordance with the principle of self-recommendation, in May 2013. All these volun- teers were trained of commen sense of TB, spread and communication skillsand how to collect data through question- naires. During the summer vacation, the volunteers go back home and select towns, communities, conutrysides, factories or schools,by themselves to carry out a 10-15-day health educatioru They are divided 23 groups and for each group, one hundred audiences should be randomly selected to administer questionnaire surveys before and after publicity, respectively and 2143 valid questionnaires before publicity and 2135 valid questionnaire after publicity were obtained, that the effective rates were 93.2% （2143/2300） and 92.8% （2135/2300）, respectively. Results By the propaganda, the total awareness rate of TB prevention and control knowledge of residents increased from 51.3% （6599/12 858） to 74.8% （9588/12 810）, and the difference was statistically significant （χ2 =1524.67, P〈0.01）. The proportion of those who had never heard of tuberculosis decreased from 11.5% （247/2148） to 4.2% （90/2141）, and the difference was statistically significant （χ2= 78.76, P%0.01）. As to key informations,both the awareness rate of ＂cough, expectoration more than 2 weeks, should be promptly diagnosed treated＂ and that of ＂in designated medical and health institutions of China, some projects in the tuberculosis treatment are free＂ got an statistically significant raise, rising from 28.7%（616/2143） and 27.1% （581/2143） before publicity to 60. 8% （1298/2135） and 60.8% （1260/2135） after publicity, respectively （χ2 =444.39, P〈0.01;χ2 =444.08, P〈0.01）. Conclusion To combine spreading of TB prevention and control knowledge with college student volunteers＇ social practice, could effectively increase the public awareness rate of TB prevention and control key information.