品与格:中国艺术批评的核心范畴——以六朝和唐代为中心的研究

Class and Rule: The Core Category of Chinese Art Criticism——Study Focused on the Six Dynasties and the Tang Dynasty

品与格作为中国古典美学的重要范畴,突出反映了六朝和唐代的时代艺术及美学特征。"品"不仅影响了六朝人的艺术鉴赏方式,还确立了其时代的艺术理想和美学原则;"格"突出了尚法的唐人对法度、规则的追求,成为唐代诗歌等艺术创作和技巧的基本法式,但其更重要的意义在于对审美风格与意象的呈现,以及所打开的境的视野。品与格作为美学范畴的典型性不仅体现在其内容和对象上,诗文等文艺形式是古典美学的基本对象,也表现在其作为文艺批评的方式和文体类型上,对古代文艺著作产生了深远影响,也推进了主体心灵感知和审美意识的深化。从六朝之品到唐代的格,经历了从人物品藻、诗文艺术品评到唐诗格律、审美风格类型的演进,并借助与味和意的关联,使这种审美追求上达于意境,为唐代意境理论的提出和深化打下了重要的基础。

As the key category of classical Chinese aesthetics, Pin and Ge reflect artistic and aesthetic char- acteristics of the Six Dynasties and the Tang Dynasty. This paper begins with the basic meaning of the two concepts, then analyses the aesthetic connotations in the context of prevailing fashion and aesthetic con- sciousness. Pin not only influences the aesthetic way of appreciation in the Six Dynasties, but also establi- shes the ideal of art and the principle of aesthetics. As for Ge, it demonstrates the pursuit of law of the peo- ple in the Tang Dynasty and it becomes the basic model of artistic creations and techniques such as poetry. More importantly, Ge represents the aesthetic styles, images and the opened horizon of artistic realm. The typicality of Pin and Ge as the category of aesthetics is not only embodied in the content and subject - the forms of literature and art such as poetry are the basic subjects of classical aesthetics, but also embodied in the method and types in the literature and art criticism. Pin and Ge exerted far - reaching effect on the clas- sical literary works and it promoted the deepening of the subjective perceptions and aesthetic consciousness. From the Pin in the Six Dynasties to the Ge in the Tang Dynasty, Pin and Ge evolved from character evalua- tion and evaluation of poetry, literature and art works to the rules of Tang poetry and the types of aesthetic style. Connected to the concepts of Wei （taste） and Yi （meaning）, Pin and Ge reached the high artistic conception in Tang Dynasty and laid a solid foundation for the estabhshment and advancement of the theory of artistic conception in the Tang Dynasty.