日本学界的中国西南少数民族对歌研究

A Review of Japanese Academic Studies of Antiphonal Singing of Ethnic Groups in Southwest China

早在20世纪初期日本学者就指出,古代日本的对歌类似于中国西南少数民族的对歌习俗。但少数民族对歌文化的研究并未受到重视。中国改革开放以后,日本学者开始踏入西南地区对少数民族对歌进行田野调查,出现了少数民族对歌习俗的相关论文。90年代后期起,古代文学研究者也开始走进西南少数民族地区调查对歌。最近十多年来,中国西南少数民族对歌的研究进行得很活跃,但还不是全面的、大规模的研究。只是一部分的研究者,对一部分的地区或对几个少数民族进行的研究。本文主要对近年的研究成果进行梳理和介绍,继而引发了关于民俗的变迁与研究方法论;西南对歌与西北对歌的关系;中日学者之间的交流、研究成果的发布与共享等问题的相关思考。

A Review of Japanese Academic Studies of Antiphonal Singing of Ethnic Groups in Southwest China Cao Yongmei Abstract：In the early 20th century, Japanese scholars had pointed out that the ancient Japanese custom of antiphonal singing is similar with that of ethnic groups in southwest China, but the study of minority culture of antiphonal singing was paid little attention to. After China＇s reform and opening - up, Japanese scholars began to enter Southwest China to carry field research on minority ethnic antiphonal singing, producing cor- responding academic papers about the custom of minority ethnic antiphonal singing. Since the late 1990s, researchers in the field of ancient literature also began to enter Southwest China to conduct field research on minority ethnic antiphonal singing. In the past ten years, there has been vigorous research on Southwest Chi- na minority ethnic antiphonal singing, but such research was not comprehensive and large - scale. Only some of the researchers have studied some areas or a few minorities. The paper collects and analyzes and introduces the research results on the topic in recent years, and then discusses the change of folk customs and research methodology; it also talks about relation between the antiphonal singing of Southwest China and Northwest China, and considers the communication between Chinese and Japanese scholars, the publishing and Key sharing of research results and other issues.