先秦到魏晋隐士社会功用流变

Changes of Social Functions of Hermits from the Pre-Qin Period to the Wei-Jin Period

出于不同的利益考虑,统治者对隐逸之士持宽容与赞赏的态度。然而,不同时期的统治者又对隐逸所发挥的社会功效有着不同的要求,对隐士的态度也随时而变。先秦时期,隐士是天下有道与否的符号化象征;秦汉时期,天下大一统局面形成,隐士被统治者纳入政治体系之中,其政治才能被突显出来;魏晋之际,天下一统格局重新被打破,乱世之中隐士群体远离政治的品性更被统治者看重。与此同时,隐士的社会地位也呈现不断上升的趋势。从先秦到魏晋,隐士发挥的主要社会功用存在着明显不同。

For different reasons,rulers often hold a tolerant and admiring attitude towards hermits. However,rulers of different historic periods have different requirements for social functions of hermits and their attitudes towards hermits vary.In the Pre-Qin Period,hermits symbolize whether the government ad-heres to principles of right and truth.In Qin and Han Dynasties,the country being unified,hermits are in-cluded in the political system by the rulers and their political talents are able to be displayed.In the Wei-Jin Period,the unification of the country is broken again and hermits,who are placed in the troubled world and have lost their political nature,are regarded as important by the rulers.At the same time,hermits’social status is also showing a rising trend.From the Pre-Qin Period to the Wei-Jin Period,main social functions of hermits vary greatly.