说卜辞中的“其有来艰”

A Research on“Qi You Lai Jian”in Oracular Inscriptions on Tortoise Shells and Bones

"其有来艰"是殷墟甲骨卜辞中的常见用语,往往位于卜辞的命辞、占辞或验辞部分。前修时贤颇多论述,但在语法结构的判定及其辞义的理解上存在一些分歧。该文结合卜辞语言运用的实际情况,在结构分析的基础上注重语义分析。通过分析发现,"来艰"是施事性宾语结构,整体上作存现动词"有"的宾语,理解为"会出现灾祸降临这种情况"。

“Qi You Lai Jian”is a common oracular inscription on tortoise shells and bones,which tend to be inscribed in“Qianci”“Mingci”or“Zhanci”.There are differences in the structural determination and the semantic understanding in the previous professional discussions.Based on the present use of the oracular language,the paper not only analyzes the structure but the semantics as well.The analysis shows that in structure“Lai j ian”is the agentive obj ect of the existential verb“You”,the semantics of which is that there will be a disaster.