辽、宋、金册封西夏“皇帝”始末考

On the Details of Liao,Song and Jin Conferring the Title of Emperor on Western Xia Rulers

西夏作为11-13世纪雄踞西北的独立政权,其地位却未能与同时期的辽、宋、金等同,西夏统治者也一直被视为属国藩王。实际上,辽、金曾承认过西夏的皇帝称号,但因其政权很快灭亡而不了了之;南宋也试图以皇帝封号诱使西夏允许西辽军队过境伐金,后因证实西辽出兵是误传而作罢。梳理西夏国君获得皇帝封号的相关史实,不仅能够对当时各政权之间的外交形势有更为清晰的认识,同时也可对元朝不修西夏史有更深刻的思考。

As an independent regime in the northwest of China in the 11-13th centuries,Western Xia oc-cupies a lower position than Liao,Song and Jin of the same period.Western Xia rulers had been regarded as a vassal seignior.In fact,Liao and Jin had admitted Western Xia rulers’emperor title,but the regime per-ished before long.The Southern Song also attempted to confer the title of emperor on Western Xia rulers to make a way for Western Liao’s army which was also trying to attack Jin.After the confirmation of the fake message from Western Liao,the attack plan of Southern Song was aborted.Knowing the details of how Western Xia rulers gained the title of emperor can help to understand the diplomatic situation between re-gimes at that time and to consider why there is no writing about the history of Western Xia in the Yuan Dynasty.