长三角地区劳动和资本要素的配置扭曲

Research on The Distortion of Labor Capital Allocation and Its Influence Factors for the Yangtze River Delta

本文根据产业间要素边际产出差异考察了长三角地区劳动和资本要素配置扭曲状况及其经济影响,并在此基础上分析了劳动和资本要素配置扭曲的影响因素。实证研究表明,总体来看,在劳动和资本要素配置扭曲上,江苏、浙江和上海均呈现下降趋势。其中,江苏配置扭曲最高,浙江其次,上海相对较低,这一特征与中国市场经济发展趋势,以及江苏、浙江和上海的经济发展水平和市场化程度是一致的。在对劳动和资本要素扭曲影响方面,市场化水平、教育水平、对外开放度、技术进步和产业结构的优化可以降低长三角的劳动要素扭曲程度,而信息水平在整体上增加了劳动要素扭曲程度。市场化水平、信息水平、教育水平和产业结构的优化有助于长三角资本扭曲的降低,而技术进步和对外开放整体上促进了长三角资本扭曲程度的增加。因此,为了降低长三角地区的劳动和资本要素扭曲程度,促进经济增长,应当积极有效地提高经济市场化程度,促进城乡教育水平均衡发展,均衡提高产业间和城乡间的对外开放度,提高第一产业中的信息交流和技术进步含量,加快"城乡一体化"进程,主动推进供给侧结构性改革,促进要素资源的优化配置。

The Yangtze River Delta is one of the most active areas in China＇s three largest coastal economic circles, and is also the development leader of the Yangtze River economic belt. Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai＇s per capita GDP are among the top 5 of china, and the region＇s total GDP accounted for more than 20% of the country in 2014 ,which have strong economic radiation and leading power. At the same time ,as China＇s economic development has entered a new norm, the Yangtze River ＇Delta economic is becoming high-speed growth rate from the rapid growth rate. From 1992 to 2010, the annual GDP averaged growth rate of Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai were 14. 0% , 13.5% and 12. 2% respectively; but during the period from 2011 to 2014 ,the annual average growth rate were 9.9% ,8.2% and 7.6% respectively ,which decreased significantly. Therefore ,the studies of the distortions of labor and capital allocation, the economic impact of distortion as well as the influencing factors in the Yangtze River Delta region not only provide beneficial exploration for promoting the supply-side reforms and the allocation of resources under the new normal, but also providing useful references for other provinces to allocate resources and develop the economic future. This paper researches the status and the economic effects of labor and capital allocation distortion for Yangtze River Delta region according to the inter-industry differences of marginal output of factor, and analysis the influence factors of labor and capital distorted allocation. The research shows that the distortions of labor and capital allocation for Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai has a decreasing trend on the whole, among which, the degree of distortion for Jiangsu is the largest, which followed by Zhejiang and S1 development trend of China＇s market economy and the ,hanghai is the minimum. That feature is consistent with the level of market economy development in Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai. In terms of the impact factors on labor and capital, the level of marketization,the level of education, the degree of openness ,the progress of technology and the optimization of industrial structure can reduce the degree of labor distortions for the Yangtze River Delta, but the The level of marketization,the level of information,the can help to reduce the degree of capital distortions for level of information increases the degree of labor distortions; level of education and the optimization of industrial structure the Yangtze River Delta, but the progress of technology and the degree of openness increases the degree of capital distortions. Therefore, in order to reduce the degree of labor and capital distortion in the Yangtze River Delta area and to promote the growth of economic, they are necessary to improve the level of economic marketization effectively, to promote the balanced development of urban and rural ed- ucation level, to improve inter-industry openness and the openness of urban and rural evenly, to improve information exchanging and technical progress of the first industry, to accelerate the progress of integration of urban and rural, to promote structural reforms actively from the supply side and to promote the optimal allocation of resources. The contributions of this paper are mainly reflected in the following three points ： Not only research labor alloca- tion distortions and the capital allocation distortions between industries in the Yangtze River Delta, but also depicts the comprehensive allocation distortions of labor and capital for the first time. Structure the absolute labor allocation distortion and the absolute distortions in capital allocation, which enriches the understanding of factor allocation dis- tortion. Study the effect factors of labor and capital allocation distortion in the Yangtze River Delta from the perspec- tives of the openness, the level of economic development, industrial structure, educational level of the labor force, the exchange of information and technology progress, and found that the technological progress and the opening can pro- mote the increasing of the capital distortions in the Yangtze River delta. The innovation of this paper is reflected in the following two aspects：The paper puts forward systematic and multi dimensions index system to measure the labor allocation distortions and the capital allocation distortions from the perspective of economic structure and economic environment. The paper focus on the comparative study of the specific provinces or regions, and consider the effect of the superposition of labor and capital in the study of the impact of labor or capital allocation distortions on the GDP.