清初刘体仁词学“辨体”论及其批评史意义

Research On Liu Tiren's Ci-poetry Critical Theory of “Style-discrimination”in the Early Qing Dynasty and the Significance of Critical History

"辨体"是清代词学的重要内容,刘体仁生当清初词学中兴之际,于"辨体"词论多有发明。他以诗、曲为参照,体察词体深微幽隐的审美内质和"陡然一惊"的审美效果,并使用"妙境""神味""神理"等新鲜用语加以涵盖,拓宽了"辨体"词论的思路,并引发了后世对词之境界、词味的开掘。他注重词之语言、结构与词体之正的关系,他批判以戏为词,追求词体之纯正。刘体仁"辨体"词论思想,既是宋代以来文坛对文体辨析问题的延续与深化,也是针对明末清初词曲化现象的产物。

＂Style-discrimination＂is an important content of the Ci-poetry critical theory in the Qing Dynasty. Liu tiren,who was born in the resurgence period of the Ci-poetry critical theory in the Early Qing Dynasty,Brought forward some new viewpoints about the Ci-poetry critical theory of Style-discrimination. On the reference of poetry and non-dramatic song,Liu tiren explored the subtle aesthetic connotation as well as the amazing artistic effect,and applied the original words like＂miaojing＂＂shenwei＂＂Shenli＂to interpret his theory. It broadened the thought of the Ci-poetry critical theory of Stylediscrimination and initiated the exploration of the artistic state and lingering charm of Ci by later scholars. He attached importance to the relationship among the language,structure and style of Ci,criticized the idea of＂composing Ci as non-dramatic song＂and pursued the stylistic purity of Ci. Liu tiren＇s Ci-poetry critical theory of Style-discrimination continued and intensified the Style- discriminating criticism by literary world since Song Dynasty. It can be regarded as the result aimed at the phenomenon of＂composing Ci as non-dramatic song＂in the Late Ming and Early Qing Dynasty.