论《江格尔》的边缘型篇章和体裁转换型篇章——产生的根源及其在系列史诗形成或解体过程中的作用

Marginal Texts and Genre-transformed Texts of “Jiang Ge Er”:Causes and Roles in the Formation and Dissolution of Sequence Epics

《江格尔》史诗篇章以人物为主线,可分基本型篇章和扩展型篇章。在其周边,分布着一些同样以人物为线索与《江格尔》发生关联的边缘型篇章(其他史诗)和体裁转换型篇章(英雄故事)。基本型篇章和扩展型篇章,反映了《江格尔》史诗内部发展过程。边缘型篇章和体裁转换型篇章则处于《江格尔》与传统中的其他史诗、英雄故事甚至民间故事的交叉点。边缘型篇章打开了《江格尔》吸收其他史诗,或者《江格尔》篇章脱离系列的一扇大门。而体裁转换型篇章则打开了英雄故事转换体裁进入《江格尔》史诗系列,或者《江格尔》的篇章转换体裁脱离系列,与英雄故事甚至民间故事汇流的另一扇大门。它们都是一种过渡形态。产生这种现象的根源在于,《江格尔》和蒙古卫拉特其他英雄史诗、英雄故事共享着同一主题、母题和程式以及故事范式,它们之间的联系,来自于传统的深处。

As an epic, ＂Jiang Ge Er＂ can be divided into fundamental and extended texts with characters as the main thread. Yet, there are marginal texts （ other epics） and genre - transformed texts （heroic tales） which are related to ＂Jiang Ge Er＂ similarly based on the main thread of characters. They reflect the internal development of the epic and serve as an overlapping point among ＂Jiang Ge Er＂, other epics, heroic tales and even folk stories. The marginal texts enable ＂Jiang Ge Er＂ to absorb other epics or disman- tle itself from its sequence while the genre - transformed texts make it possible for hero- ic tales to enter the sequence of ＂Jiang Ge Er＂ or for ＂Jiang Ge Er＂ to dismantle itself from its sequence and converge with heroic tales and even folk stories. Both are transi- tional forms, whose causes lie in that ＂Jiang Ge Er＂, other heroic epics of the Weitela people of Mongolia, and heroic tales share themes, motifs, formulas and story para- digms, and that their relations are deeply rooted in tradition.