公平原则对道德义务的证成

The Justification of Moral Duty Based on the Principle of Fairness

哈特认为一项合作事业的成员们由于"限制的相互性"而具有了特殊的道德权利和道德义务。罗尔斯在其早期著作中继承和完善了哈特的理论,提出了"公平游戏义务"的概念,并且认为"法律义务"是"公平游戏义务"的一种特例。后来,罗尔斯区别了"职责"和"自然义务","公平原则"专门用来论证人们的"职责"。哈特和罗尔斯的论述其核心要点是:人们之间有着平等的自由,因此,权利和义务、利益和负担必须公平分配。他们的观点是对传统自由主义道德理论和价值目标的重大改进,对于我们培育和践行社会主义核心价值观具有重要的启发意义。

Hart argues that the members of a cooperative enterprise have the special moral rights and moral duties due to the ＂mutuality of restrictions＂. Rawls inherits and improves Hart＇s theory in his early writings ; proposes the concept of ＂duty of fair play＂ ; and argues that ＂legal duty＂ is a special case of ＂duty of fair play＂. Later, Rawls makes a difference between ＂ obligation＂ and ＂natural duty＂ ; and ＂principle of fairness＂ is used to justified ＂obligation＂. The key point of Hart＇s and Rawls＇s arguments is： there is equal freedom between people, therefore, the rights and duties, benefits and burdens must be distributed fairly. Their point of view is the major improvements to the value target of traditional liberalism, and important enlightening significance for us to cultivate and practice the socialist core values.