人类进食方式的重大变革起因初探

Study on the Causes of the Major Changes to the Human Eating Pattern

筷和刀叉的使用,是迄今人类社会发生的最重大的进食方式变革。进食方式的变革均伴生于社会历史重大变革时期。用筷变革发生在商亡周兴,周礼产生和推行之时。用刀叉变革则发生于欧洲中世纪末期,文艺复兴运动蓬勃开展之际。

The invention of chopsticks as well as knife and fork is by far the most important eating pattern in the hu- man society. The great changesof eating pattern originates in the era of major social and historical changes. The us-age of chopsticks begins at the time when Shang Dynastyis decaling and Zhou Dynasty is prospering, as well as the appearance and advocation of Rites in Zhou Dynasty. The usage of knife and fork beginsin the late medieval Europe, when the Renaissance movement was at its best time.