玉米-大豆带状套作对大豆蛋白特性的影响

Effect of maize-soybean relay strip intercropping on protein characteristics of soybean

设置2种种植方式,以13个不同基因型大豆为材料,采用两因素裂区设计,研究玉米-大豆带状套作种植对大豆品质的影响。结果表明:净作模式下,参试的大豆材料蛋白质含量、脂氧合酶、蛋白亚基含量及总氨基酸含量及含硫氨基酸在各材料间差异显著;套作对不同材料各蛋白特性的影响不一致,其中11个材料蛋白质百分含量在栽培模式间无显著差异;4个材料脂氧合酶相对百分含量在套作模式下显著降低;不同大豆材料同种蛋白亚基以及同一个大豆材料不同蛋白亚基的变化规律不一致;3个材料含硫氨基酸显著增加,5个材料蛋氨酸含量显著增加,组氨酸、精氨酸变化系数高。根据粗蛋白、脂氧合酶、蛋白亚基和氨基酸含量受套作的影响程度,分别对供试大豆材料进行聚类分析,结果表明:蒙庆6号、菜豆在套作模式下蛋白含量差异不显著,11S相对百分含量增加,脂氧合酶相对百分含量降低,总氨基酸、含硫氨基酸含量增加。说明通过套作种植模式配合选择特定大豆品种,可保证大豆蛋白营养组份、提高豆制品风味及口感,同时延长保存时间,满足人们对豆制品的多元化需求。

Thirteen soybean cultivars were used to evaluate the impact of maize- soybean relay strip intercropping on seed protein quality. Results showed that soybean protein content,relative content of lipoxygenase,total amino acids,and sulfur- containing amino acid contents were diverse among 13 cultivars in monocropping. Under intercropping condition,protein contents of majority cultivars had no significant difference between monocropping and intercropping except for 2 cultivars. Relative contents of lipoxygenase of 4 soybean cultivars decreased significantly. The changes of different protein subunits in different soybean materials and different protein subunits in the same soybean were not consistent. Sulfur- containing amino acid contents of 3 cultivars increased,and methionine contents of 5 cultivars increased significantly. The variable coefficients of histidine and arginine contents were the highest among soybean cultivars in intercropping. Clustering analysis employed was based on the changes in contents of crude protein,lipoxygenase,protein subunits and amino acids. The results showed that compared with monocropping,the protein content of Mengqing 6 and Caidou were not significant different,but relative percentage of 11 S,content of total amino acids and sulfur- containing amino acid were increased,and percentage of lipoxygenase were decreased in intercropping. In conclusion,to meet different market demand of good soybean products,the selection of specialized soybean cultivars incombined with appropriate intercropping are essential in maintaining protein nutritional components,improving the flavor and taste of soybean products and extended storage period.