适宜密度单粒精播提高花生碳氮代谢酶活性及荚果产量与籽仁品质

Effects of single-seed sowing density on characteristics related to yield and quality of peanut( Arachis hypogaca L. )

在大田条件下,以大粒品种花育22(HY22)和小粒品种花育23(HY23)为材料,研究高、中、低不同密度单粒精播对花生叶片碳氮代谢酶活性及荚果产量与籽仁品质的影响。结果表明:与传统双粒播种相比,中、低密度的单粒精播处理显著提高了花生生育后期叶片的碳氮代谢水平。其中蔗糖合成酶(SS)、蔗糖磷酸合成酶(SPS)、硝酸还原酶(NR)、谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)及谷氨酸脱氢酶(GDH)活性均得到不同程度的提高,而高密度单粒精播处理与对照之间差异不显著。大粒品种HY22和小粒品种HY23,荚果产量均以中密度单粒精播处理(22.5万粒·hm-2和25.5万粒·hm-2)的最高,分别增产8.1%、7.3%。从产量构成因素分析,中密度的单粒精播处理荚果产量的提高主要依赖于单株结果数、荚果饱满率及果重的提高。另外,大粒品种的中、低密度单粒精播处理同时改善了花生籽仁品质,而小粒品种各处理间籽仁品质差异不显著。

Large- seed peanut variety HY22 and small- seed peanut variety HY23 were used to investigate the effects of single- seed sowing with high,medium and low density on activities of key enzymes of carbohydrate and nitrogen metabolism in leaves,pod yield and kernel quality of peanut in field experiment. The results showed that carbohydrate and nitrogen metabolism level were significantly improved,activity of nitrate reductase（ NR）,glutamine synthase（ GS）,glutamate dehydrogenase（ GDH）,sucrose synthase（ SS） and sucrose phosphate synthase（ SPS） in leaves were significantly increased in single- seed sowing with medium and low density during the growing stage,while single- seed sowing treatment with high density had no evident difference compared with CK.For large- seed variety HY22 and small- seed variety HY23,under medium density in single- seed sowing,both of their pod yield were the highest with 8. 1%,7. 3% increase respectively. The yield increase could be attributed to the higher pod number per plant,full- pod rate and higher pod weight. The kernel quality of large seed varietyHY22,were improved at medium and low density in single- seed sowing,while the kenel quality of small-seed variety HY23 showed no significant difference under the same condition.