德国应用型高等教育面面观

On the Germany Application-oriented Education

应用型教育是德国高等院校,尤其是应用型大学的人才培养重点之一。基于学生的教育和实践背景、师资需求、学生的实践入学资格等方面介绍德国不同类型大学在应用型教育上的差别;其次介绍应用型教育的范例,如:实践类课程、项目教学、课程实习和与私营企业合作完成的论文。最后,提出实施应用型教育的措施,如开展应用型研究;设立包括具备职业经验的代表在内的学习项目咨询委员会,为课程设置和课程内容提出建议;建立职业中心,为学生提供职业规划指导。

Application-oriented education is one of the keys for German univeristies, especially for those application-oriented ones. This article first introduces differences between different German ap- plication-oriented universities in students＇ educational and practical backgrounds, teacher demands, students＇ practical admission qualifications;second, it introduces such issues as practical subjects, classes, course projects, papers completed with cooperation of private enterprises; last, it suggests such measures to carry out application-oriented education as carrying out application-oriented research, study projects, advisory committee with experienced professional representatives for the sake of curriculum and course contents and professional center to offer guidance for students＇ professional planning.