半喂入花生摘果机关键工作部件的分析与试验

Analysis and testing research of key working parts of the half-feed peanut picker

对自行研制的半喂入式花生摘果机的关键工作部件摘果辊的配置、摘果运动过程、摘果叶片结构参数等进行理论研究,并结合试验结果确定摘果辊及摘果叶片合理的结构形式及参数。以摘果过程中荚果破损率、摘不净率、含杂率、总损失率等为指标,通过田间试验对摘果辊的配置方式、摘果叶片结构、摘果叶片参数等进行摘果试验。结果表明:摘果辊相交平行配置破损率、含杂率均最大,相切平行配置摘不净率最大,含杂率最小,相切平行配置和渐紧夹角配置破损率均较低;圆弧型叶片的摘不净率比直板型、折弯型叶片稍高,摘果转速增大使直板型叶片和圆弧型叶片的破碎率、含杂率均增大;叶片弧度对破损率、摘不净率影响均较大,弧度越小,摘果破损率越高,摘不净率越低,当叶片弧度为70°、圆弧半径为35 mm时总损失率最低。根据理论分析及摘果性能试验,最终确定摘果辊与夹持输送链采用倾斜配置方式,摘果辊采用渐紧型夹角配置方式,摘果叶片采用后倾圆弧型,叶片弧度为70°,圆弧半径为35 mm。

To self-develop half-feed peanut picker, the composition and working principle of the picker, the configuration mode of the picking roller,picking movement process and the structural param- eters of the picking plate was introduced. The reasonable structure and parameters of picking roller and picking plate was confirmed by theory and experiment.Using peanut breakage rate, unpicking rate,impu- rity rate, and total loss rate as the index, the configuration mode of picking roller, structure and parame- ters of picking plate was studied. Results showed that when the picking roller was the intersection and parallel configuration,the breakage rate and impurity rate were the maximum.When the picking roller was the tangent and parallel configuration, the unpicking rate was the maximum and the impurity rate was the minimum.When picking roller was the tangent and parallel configuration or gradually tight angle configuration,the breakage rate was lower. The unpicking rate of the arc plate was a little higher than that of the straight board plate and bend plate.The bigger the rotational speed of the picking roller, the greater the breakage rate and impurity rate to the straight board plate, bend plate.The radian of the plate obviously affected the breakage rate and impurity rate. The smaller the radian, the higher the breakage rate and the lower the unpicking rate.When the plate radian is 70 ° and the arc radius is 35 mm,the total loss rate is the minimum. By theoretical analysis and picking performance test, the tilt configuration method is adopted on picking roller to clamping chain.The gradually tight type angle configuration meth- od is adopted between the double picking rollers. The picking plate is adopted in the backward-arc type with the plate radian of 70 ° and the arc radius of 35 mm.