产业集聚与文化变迁:旅游场域中的民族手工技艺传承——以“靖西绣球”与“新华银器”为例

INDUSTRIAL CENTRALIZATION AND CULTURAL CHANGE: INHERITANCE OF ETHNIC CRAFTMANSHIP UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF TOURISM——TAKING “THE JINGXI EMBROIDERY BALL” AND“THE XINHUA SILVERWARE” AS EXAMPLES

本文对比分析"一带一路"和"珠江——西江经济带"区域发展背景下具有历史性、地方性手工技艺人们的社会群体活动,通过旅游场域中文化的资本化、产业化现象来研究民族手工技艺的传承与保护问题。广西靖西绣球产业规模较小,其传统手工艺还保持着相对原生态的状态,处于文化集聚的初级阶段,仅仅实现了"文化的资本化",动摇了工匠对技艺价值的认识,影响着靖西绣球传承的生境,需要进一步扩大发展空间与发展平台。云南鹤庆新华村由于银饰本身的财富象征和在旅游产业影响下银匠们的外扩经营,其运营规模也在发生着急骤变化,正在大踏步地实现"文化的产业化";由于过度追求商品利益最大化,工业化、标准化、机械化的规模化复制,使民族手工技艺简单化和程式化,淡化了核心技艺的手工性,对新华村白族银铜手工技艺可持续发展带来不可忽视的隐患。

By analyzing comparatively the social activities of craftsman who bears both historical and local features under the context ＂the Belt and Road＂ construction and ＂the Pearl River - West River folk crafts embroidery Economic Belt＂ regional development, this paper studies the inheritance and protection of through cultural capita/ and industrialization in tourism. The industrial scale of the Jingxi ball is relatively small, its traditional craftworks remain in the state of relatively primitive, the elementary stage of industrial assembling. What it has achieved is ＂the capitalized operation of culture＂ . This has vacillated craftsman＇s understanding towards the technical value and affected the inheritance habitat of the Jingxi embroidery ball. There is a need to expand further the space and platform of development. In contrary, thanks to the symbolic value of the silverwares and the expansion of operation of the silversmith under the influence of tourist industry, the Xinhua village in Heqing city, Yunnan province undergoes rapid changes of its silversmith operation which made great strides in the implementation of ＂cultural industrialization＂ .The excessive pursuit of maximizing commercial interests, industrial, standardized and mechanical replication in scale has led to the simplification and routinization of ethnic handicraft techniques. It has diluted the core handmade skills. It will become a hidden trouble that can＇t be ignored to the sustainable development of the silver and bronze craftsmanship of the Bai people in the Xinhua village.