我国农业生产性服务业的发展历程与经验启示

Development and Experience of Agricultural Productive Service Industry in China

改革开放以来,我国农业生产性服务业经历了五个发展阶段:20世纪70年代末至80年代中期,农业公共服务机构和体系恢复建设,经营性农业生产性服务萌发和自发发展阶段;20世纪80年代中期到末期,农业公共服务机构开启体制机制改革,服务职能逐渐推向市场阶段;20世纪90年代初期到末期,农业公共服务机构改革继续深入,经营性服务主体多元化发展提速阶段;20世纪90年代末期到2008年,健全公益性农业生产性服务体系,发展经营性农业生产性服务产业体系阶段;2008年以来,农业生产性服务业在推进农业发展方式转变中的重要性迅速凸显,日益成为现代农业产业体系建设的突出亮点。在农业生产性服务业发展过程中,需求扩张是主要动力、规模经济是提升方向、因地制宜是客观要求、顺势而为是关键所在。促进农业生产性服务业加快发展和优质高效发展,是未来加快转变农业发展方式的必然选择。

The development of agricultural productive service industry since 1978 could be divided into the following five stages or periods: Firstly,from the end of 1970 s to the middle of 1980 s,gradually restored agricultural public service institutions and commercial agricultural productive service started to germinate; Secondly,the period from the middle of 1980 s to the end of the decade began to witness the reform in the management system of agricultural public institutions,and gradual adoption of market means to perform service functions; Thirdly,from the early 1990 s to the end,the reform of agricultural public institutions was deepened continually,speeding up the diversification and development of agricultural production- oriented service business; Fourthly,from the end of 1990 s to 2008,efforts were made to push forward the reform and innovation of agricultural service institutions to improve the public welfare service system of agriculture,and nurture the industrial system of commercial agricultural productive service; Fifthly,from 2008 to today,in response to the urgent need to promote transformation of agricultural development model,agricultural service was upgraded and their performance was improved,which played more and more important roles in building modern agricultural industry system.We can draw the conclusion that demand expansion is the main driving force,scale economy is the direction of upgrading,taking measures in light of local conditions is the objective requirement,and following the trend pattern is the vital to the success of industrial upgrading,all of which would be the main empirical inspirations for developing agricultural productive service industry. In the future,it will be the inevitable choice to accelerate the development of agricultural productive service industry for the transformation of agricultural development model.