北京市八达岭林场水源涵养林空间结构特征研究

Spatial Structure of Water Conservation Forest in Badaling Forest Farm of Beijing

研究北京市八达岭林场水源涵养林主要森林类型(油松人工林、元宝枫人工林、黄栌人工林和辽东栎天然林)混交度、角尺度和大小比数等结构参数,分析其空间结构特征,以期为研究区水源涵养林经营提供依据。结果表明,油松人工林混交度为0.207,介于零度和弱度混交之间;角尺度为0.496,为随机分布;大小比数为0.506,处于劣势到中庸状态。元宝枫人工林混交度为0.053,介于零度和弱度混交之间;角尺度为0.523,为聚集分布;大小比数为0.503,处于劣势到中庸状态。黄栌人工林混交度为0.310,介于弱度和中度混交之间;角尺度为0.499,为随机分布;大小比数为0.420,处于中庸到亚优势状态。辽东栎天然林混交度为0.442,介于弱度和中度混交之间;角尺度为0.494,为随机分布;大小比数为0.512,处于劣势到中庸状态。可见,北京市八达岭林场水源涵养林空间稳定性较差,天然林空间结构稍优于人工林。

This paper studied the structure parameters （mingling index, angle index, magnitude comparison） of four main water conservation forest types （Pinus tabuliformis plantation,acer truncatum plantation, Cotinus cogg2egria plantation and Quercus liaotungensis natural forest） in Badaling Forest Farm,and ana- lyzed their spatial structure characteristics to provide a reliable basis for the management of the water con- servation forest in the. It was shown that mingling index of the P. tabuliformis plantation was 0. 207 which was between zero-and weak-mixed,angle index was 0. 496 which was random distribution,magnitude com- parison was 0. 506 which was between poor to medium condition. Mingling index of A. truncatum planta- tion was 0. 053 which was between zero-and weak-mixed,angle index was 0. 523 which fit to aggregation distribution,magnitude comparison was 0. 503 which was between poor to medium condition. Mingling in- dex of the C. coggygria plantation was 0. 310 which was between weak-and medium-mixed, angle index was 0. 499 which was random distribution,magnitude comparison was 0. 420 which was between medium to sub-dominant condition. Mingling index of Q. liaotungensis natural forest was 0. 442 which was between ze- ro-and weak-mixed, angle index was 0. 494 which was random distribution, magnitude comparison was 0. 512 which was between poor to medium condition. In general, spatial stability of the water conservation forest in Badaling Forest Farm was poor and spatial structure of the natural forest was better than that of the plantation.