城市居家养老:发生机制、现实困境及其优化路径——基于上海市HJ社区的个案研究

Urban Home Care:A Case Study of the Occurrence Mechanism,Practical Dilemma and Its Optimization Path

国家的政策干预与社会的急剧转型,共塑了城市家庭结构核心化、规模小型化的基本格局。在城市遭遇深度老龄化的现实背景下,居家养老作为家庭养老与社会化养老的有机结合,是对传统家庭养老的延续和超越,正成为城市养老的主流模式被认可和推崇。文章基于个案研究,对城市居家养老的发生机制进行了详尽分析,指出家庭养老功能的式微与机构养老资源的匮乏是居家养老产生的核心因素。在此基础上,文章重点探究居家养老在日常运行中所面临的现实困境,将其概括为三个方面:养老责任边界不清,家庭成员形成福利依赖;评价机制硬指标化,导致福利资源分配不公;服务对象高度分化,老年人潜力未得到发挥。最后,通过政策与实践的对照,就如何完善和优化居家养老的可能路径给出有针对性的建议。

Based on the case study,this paper makes a detailed analysis on the occurrence mechanism of urban home care,and points out that the decline of the function of the family and the lack of pension resources are the core factors of the home care. This paper summarizes three aspects： unclear pension liability boundary;hard index evaluation mechanism;highly differentiated service object. Finally,through the policy and practice of the control,recommendations on how to improve and optimize the possible path of home care for the elderly are given.