视网膜神经节细胞相关的表观遗传学研究进展

Advances of epigenetic related to retinal ganglion cells

表观遗传是一种基因表达和功能的改变而非DNA序列的改变，且具有可逆性、可遗传性的调节方式。目前，表观遗传机制的研究主要集中在DNA甲基化、组蛋白修饰、染色体重塑及非编码RNA等。尽管青光跟的病因十分复杂，但最终通路都是视网膜神经节细胞（retinalganglioncells，RGC）进行性死亡和视神经纤维的丢失。研究表明，表观遗传通过上述机制对RGC的生长发育、凋亡及神经元再生进行调控，揭示了青光眼发病过程中RGC的表观遗传调控机制，可能为青光眼的治疗提供新思路。

Epigenetics influences gene expression and function without modification of the base se- quence of DNA and may be reversible, heritable, and influenced by the environment. Epigenetics has be- come an increasingly important research field in biomedical. At present, the studies of epigenetic mechanism focus on DNA methylation, histone modifications, chromosomal remodeling and non-coding RNAs. Despite the complex causes of glaucoma, the final passage are retinal ganglion cells death and loss of optic nerve fi- bers. Current studies found that the growth and development, apoptosis and regeneration of retinal ganglion cells were regulated by the epigenetic changes, which may proclaim the epigenetic mechanism of the glauco- ma and may provide new idea for the treatment of glaucoma.