角膜扩张疾病模型的研究进展

Research progress on disease models of corneal ectasia

角膜扩张是临床常见的伴有相应角膜结构进行性破坏的屈光不稳定性疾病，主要包括圆锥角膜、LASIK术后角膜扩张（post—LASIKkeratectasia，PLK）即医源性角膜扩张、透明边缘角膜变性（pellucidmarginaldegeneration，PMD）、Terrien边缘角膜变性（Terrien＇s marginaldegeneration，TMD）和球形角膜等。角膜扩张疾病模型对于理解其发病机制、病理生理学改变及评价疾病治疗效果等具有重要意义，近年来已引起广泛关注，常见的模型包括LASIK术后角膜扩张动物模型、遗传性圆锥角膜模型、角膜扩张有限元模型及离体模型等，各种模型各具优缺点，但遗憾的是目前仍缺乏可用于基础研究的角膜扩张动物模型。

Corneal ectasias including keratoconus, post-LASIK keratectasia, pellucid marginal de- generation, Terrien~ marginal degeneration and keratoglobus are a group of disorders in which refractive in- stability occurring with progressive structural deformation of corneal shape. As valuable and indispensable tools for basic research, disease models could enable researchers to better understand the pathophysiology of corneal eetasias and to verify hypotheses of pathogenesis, as well as to evaluate potential treatments. The common disease models of corneal ectasia include post-LASIK keratectasia animal model, rodent model for hereditary keratoconus, finite element models and in vitro models of corneal ectasia, which has the merits and faults of each. However, there is still not a suitable animal model for the corneal ectasia for basic research.