半坡和庙底沟文化中的鱼形纹样探析

Analysis on Fish Shaped Patterns of Banpo and Miaodigou Culture

仰韶文化是黄河中游地区新石器时代的一种文化。仰韶文化在5000年前的中华史前文化中占居重要位置。仰韶文化中最具特色的彩陶是半坡类型和庙底沟类型,其鱼形纹样则是这两者所共有也是极富典型性和代表性的纹饰。特意将仰韶文化中的半坡型和庙底沟型彩陶鱼纹的造型特征和发展变化进行对比,能够发现这一变化过程是由最初的写实、生动与形象的多样化表示逐步向图案化、格律化、规范化方向演化;对演变花瓣纹的全新解释是鱼纹鳃部与线条的重组;通过探讨获得了鱼纹内在的象征意义是对未来事物的好奇和对永恒生命的向往。

Yangshao Culture is an important Neolithic pottery culture in the middle reaches of the Yellow River on the land of China. Yangshao Culture occupies an important historical position in the history of Prehistoric culture of Chinese civilization before5000 years ago.The most distinctive Yangshao Culture pottery is Banpo and Miaodigou type, and the fish shaped pattern is the very typical and representative of the decoration, which is shared with both of them. By comparing the changes of shape and development of Yangshao Banpo and Miaodigou painted pottery fish, it can be found that the change process is the gradual evolution from the initial realism, vividness and visual diversity to image patterning, metrical, and standardization; A new explanation for the evolution of petal pattern is the reorganization of the gill part and the line. At last, it is concluded that the symbolic meaning of fish grain is the longing for the future and eternal life.