腓肠肌内侧头肌皮瓣V-Y推进修复胫前中下段软组织缺损

V-Y ADVANCEMENT OF MEDIAL GASTROCNEMIUS MUSCLE FLAP FOR REPAIRING SOFT TISSUE DEFECTS IN MIDDLE AND LOWER SEGMENTS OF ANTERIOR TIBIA

目的探讨采用腓肠肌内侧头肌皮瓣V-Y推进修复胫前中下段皮肤软组织缺损的疗效。方法 2008年3月-2014年3月,收治8例胫前中下段皮肤软组织缺损患者。男6例,女2例;年龄28~47岁,平均36.2岁。致伤原因:交通事故伤6例,重物砸伤2例。单纯胫前中下段皮肤软组织缺损3例,伤后至皮瓣修复时间分别为5 h、6 d、14 d;胫前中下段皮肤软组织缺损合并骨折5例,其中Pilon骨折1例、胫骨中下段骨折4例,行切开复位钢板内固定术3例、外固定架固定2例,术后发生慢性骨髓炎或皮肤坏死;伤后至该次皮瓣修复时间为1~12个月,平均3.4个月。皮肤软组织缺损范围为5.2 cm×2.5 cm^13.0 cm×5.5 cm。入院后6例患者彻底清创后行持续封闭式负压引流,待创面清洁后行腓肠肌内侧头肌皮瓣V-Y推进修复创面;1例创面污染轻,急诊清创后行皮瓣修复创面;1例骨髓炎患者抗感染治疗后行皮瓣修复术。腓肠肌内侧头肌皮瓣切取范围15 cm×6 cm^26 cm×15 cm。供区直接拉拢缝合3例、游离植皮5例。结果术后1例皮瓣远端部分皮肤出现水疱,经对症处理后愈合;其余皮瓣及供区植皮均顺利成活,切口Ⅰ期愈合。除1例转外院行骨运输术患者外,其余7例患者均获随访,随访时间6~18个月,平均9个月。皮瓣外观、质地良好;术后6个月两点辨别觉为12~18 mm,平均16 mm。患侧足跖屈力量较健侧弱,但行走及步态正常。结论以腓肠肌内侧头肌皮瓣V-Y推进修复胫前中下段皮肤软组织缺损,手术操作简便,不牺牲主干血管,肌皮瓣成活率高,修复外观良好。

Objective To investigate the effectiveness of V-Y advanced medial gastrocnemius muscle flap to repair soft tissue defects in the middle and lower segments of the anterior tibia. Methods Between March 2008 and March 2014, 8 patients with skin and soft tissue defects of the anterior tibia were treated, including 6 males and 2 females with an average age of 36.2 years（range, 28-47 years）. The soft tissue defects located at the left leg in 5 cases and at the right leg in 3 cases. The causes included traffic accident injury in 6 cases, and heavy pound injury in 2 cases. Three cases had simple soft tissue defects, and the disease course was 5 hours, 6 days, and 14 days, respectively. Five cases had soft tissue defects and fractures, including 1 case of Pilon fracture, and 4 cases of middle and distal tibial fracture; open reduction and internal fixation were performed in 3 cases, the implementation of external fixation in 2 cases; 1 case had chronic osteomyelitis at 11 months after operation, and 4 cases had skin necrosis and wound infection at 1 to 2 weeks after operation; the duration was 1-12 months（mean, 3.4 months）. The skin and soft tissue defect area was 5.2 cm×2.5 cm to 13.0 cm×5.5 cm. Debridement was given, and vacuum sealing drainage was used in 6 cases, and then V-Y advancement of medial gastrocnemius muscle flap was used to cover the wound. Because of light wound contamination, the wound was repaired by the flap after emergency debridement in 1 case; 1 patient with osteomyelitis underwent flap repair at immediate after sensitive antibiotics use and debridement. The size of medial gastrocnemius muscle flaps ranged from 15 cm×6 cm to 26 cm×15 cm. The donor site was sutured in 3 cases or repaired with skin graft in 5 cases. Results One case had tension blisters in the distal flap, which was cured after symptomatic treatment. The flap and skin graft survived,and primary healing was obtained in the other cases. Seven patients were followed up 6-18 months（mean, 9 months）. The texture and appearance of the flaps were satisfactory. At 6 months after operation, two-point discrimination ranged from 12 to 18 mm（mean, 16 mm）. The plantar flexion was weaker than that of normal side, but the patients could normally walk and had normal gait. Conclusion The V-Y advancement of medial gastrocnemius muscle flap is recommendable to repair soft tissue defects in the middle and lower segments of the anterior tibia for the advantages of reliable blood supply, simple operation, high survival rate of the flap, and satisfactory appearance.