场指纹法无损监测技术综述

Review of nondestructive monitoring technology based on field signature method

金属结构和设备在服役过程中不可避免会出现各种缺陷,如腐蚀、应力裂纹、气体渗入等。为了确保设备的安全,需要对设备的缺陷进行精确实时地监测。场指纹法（FSM）作为一种高性能、多参数的金属结构安全无损监测方法,具有缺陷定位、缺陷识别及缺陷尺寸定量测量的能力;同时温度适应范围大（-40-450℃）;不需要对被测结构安装额外传感器,具有非破坏性、安全性好等优点,已经在国内外的设备安全监测中得到了较广泛地应用。典型的应用包括储物罐焊缝裂纹监测、桥梁应力裂纹监测及油气管道腐蚀监测;其中油气管道腐蚀监测是FSM技术最为广泛和重要的应用。介绍了FSM的基本原理及国内外研究现状,在对其局限性进行详细分析后,针对FSM的几个典型应用深入给出具体技术实现和相关结论。对FSM技术发展,特别是进一步提高测量精度、可靠性、多形貌缺陷识别、温度补偿等问题的研究和发展有参考意义。

Metal structure and equipment inevitably encounter defects during service period, such as corrosion, stress crack, air entrainment and so on. In order to ensure the security of the equipment, it is essential to accurately monitor the defects of the equipment in real time. Field signature method （FSM） is a high-performance and multi-parameter nondestructive monitoring technology for metal structure safety, which has the capability of defect positioning, defect recognition and quantitatively measuring the defect size. Additionally, FSM has the advantages of wide applicable temperature range （ - 40 - 450℃ ）, not requiring to install extra sensor on the structure under test, nondestructive and good safety. The FSM has been widely used in equipment security monitoring both at home and abroad. The typical applications consist of storage tank welding seam crack monitoring, bridge stress crack monitoring and oil-gas pipeline inner corrosion monitoring. Among these applications, the oil-gas pipeline inner corrosion monitoring is the widest and most important application. In this paper, the basic principle and current research situation of FSM in domestic and overseas are introduced. After analyzing its limitations in detail, several typical application cases are given, their technological realization and relevant conclusion are discussed deeply. This paper has a reference meaning for the future development of FSM technology, especially for the studying and development of further improving measurement accuracy and reliability, recognizing multi-defects and temperature compensation and etc.