《史密斯-休斯法》的实施

The Implementation of Smith-Hughes Act

《史密斯-休斯法》的颁布奠定了美国联邦职业教育立法体系的基础,标志着美国联邦-州-地方三级政府合作发展职业教育模式的确立。国内外学者对《史密斯-休斯法》的历史地位业已开展了较为丰富的研究,但对该法的实施情况考察则相对缺乏。通过占有较为翔实的史料研究发现,《史密斯-休斯法》颁布后的5年里(1917-1922年),美国职业教育拨款、职业学校的开办和职业科教师等方面取得了明显的发展变化,1922年后的职业教育发展也在联邦和州、地方的资助下延续发展的势头,奠定了美国20世纪职业教育发展基调。

The promulgation of Smith-Hughes Act laid the foundation of American Vocational Education Legislation system, which marks the establishment of Federal-State-I^cal cooperative model in developing vo- cational education. There are relatively plentiful researches emphasizing on discussing the historical status of Smith-Hughes Act, but few give attentions to its practical implementation. Based on a careful examination on previous literature, this paper discusses the implementation of the Act in the first five years （1917-1922）, and its impact on the aspects of vocational education appropriation, vocational school development, and vocational teachers. This article also combs the development of vocational education under federal aid after 1922, which set up a platform for later development of vocational education in America.