1964-2015年四川省理县黑热病流行动态分析

Prevalence Trend of Black Fever Disease in Lixian County of Sichuan Province,1964-2015

目的 了解四川理县黑热病流行动态和防治现状,为全县制定防治对策提供依据。方法 对1964-2015年全县黑热病疫情数据进行流行病学分析。结果 理县1964-2015年累计报告黑热病75例,无死亡,年均发病率4.43/10万。1964年报告1例,1976年1例,1988-1996年发病呈现出1个高峰,共68例,占90.67%,峰值为1991年18例（43.06/10万）,1997-2009年连续13年无病例报告,2010-2015年报告5例;具有明显的季节性,5-11月为高发月份;全县11个乡镇有病例报告,杂谷脑河下游乡镇发病率高于上游乡镇;男性发病40例,女性33例,男女性别比为1.33∶1;最小发病年龄0岁,最大65岁,发病集中在0~10岁。结论 1964-2015年理县黑热病发病出现1个高峰,季节性明显,发病以儿童为主。及时诊治患者、持续杀灭病犬、灭蛉、防蛉工作,是控制和消除黑热病的有效措施。

Objective To investigate the prevalence trend and current prevention and treatment of black fever disease in Lixian County of Sichuan Province and provide evidence for developing control strategies. Methods Data on epidemic situations of black fever disease in the whole county over 1964 to 2015 were epidemiologically analyzed. Results Over the period, a total of 75 cases of black fever disease have been reported, and no black fever disease related death was reported. The annual average incidence rate was 4. 43/10^5. One case was reported in 1964 and 1976 each. One peak period occurred from 1988 to 1996, with 68 （90.67%） cases reported. The peak year was 1991, with 18 （43.06/105） cases reported. No case was reported over the period from 1997 to 2009. Five cases were reported over the period from 2010 to 2015. Significant seasonality was found, and the period from May to November was a high - incidence season. Case reports were from 11 towns in the county. The incidence rate in towns at the lower reach of Zagunao River was higher than in towns at the upper reach. Involved were 40 males and 33 females, and the male/female ratio was 1.33： 1. The ages of affected people ranged from 0 to 65 and were mostly between 0 and 10. Conclusion One peak of incidence of black fever disease has occurred in Lixian County over the period from 1964 to 2015. The disease shows a significant seasonal tendency and affects mainly children. Timely diagnosis and treatment of patients and continual killing of diseased dogs and sandflies are effective measures for controlling and eliminating black fever disease.