多种生态修复植物和人工载体对城市河流水质净化效果比较研究

Removal Effects of Multiple Ecological Restoration Plants and Artificial Carriers on Water Purification in Urban River

以聚草、圆币草等7种植物和生物栅、人工水草2种人工载体为研究对象,通过实验室模拟比较它们对河水中COD、氮和磷等污染物的去除效果。结果表明,生物栅和人工水草在去除水体中COD和氮污染物方面较传统的修复植物有更大的优势,而植物对磷的去除效果更好。针对重点使用的生物修复材料,开展了收割和充氧条件下对聚草和圆币草以及生物栅去除氮磷能力强化效果实验,结果表明收割能明显提高修复植物氮磷的去除量,聚草和圆币草在收割条件下去除氮磷的总和达114.7 g/(m^2·a);充氧能够增强植物和生物栅的去除氮磷的能力,聚草对总氮的去除量为77.42 g/(m^2·a),远远高于圆币草的33.48 g/(m^2·a)和生物栅的14.22 g/(m^2·a),聚草对总磷的净化能力为3.05 g/(m^2·a),略高于聚草圆币草的2.83 g/(m^2·a),远大于生物栅的0.63 g/(m^2·a)。

Through indoor static simulation experiment,we had compared the removal effect of COD, nitrogen and phosphorus for seven kinds of plants such as Myriophyllum spicatum and Hydrocotyle verticillata and artificial carriers including biological grid and artificial aquatic mat. The results showed that, Biological grid and artificial aquatic mat had a greater advantage over the traditional ecological restoration plant to remove COD and nitrogen pollutants, while plants had better effect in removing phosphorus. We also researched the remove rate of nitrogen and phosphorus for Myriophyllum spicatum, Hydrocotyle verticillata and biological grid by harvesting and aerating, the results showed that harvesting could obviously improve the p urification of nitrogen and phosphorus in multiple ecological restoration, even purifications were 114.7 g/（m2·a） for the Myfiophyllum spicatum and Hydrocotyle verticillata; Aeration could obviously improve the purification of nitrogen and phosphorus for the Myriophyllum spicatum, Hydrocotyleverticillataand biological grid, the remove rate of TN in Myriophyllum spicatum was 77.42 g/（m2·a）, then Hydrocotyle verticillata and biological grid was 33.48 g/（m2·a） and 14.22 g/（m2·a）, the purification of TP in Hydrocotyle verticillata was 3.05 g/（m2·a）, then the others were 2.83 g/（m2·a） and 0.63 g/（m2·a）.