文本、冲突与展演视角下的西方记忆地理研究评述

A REVIEW OF WESTERN GEOGRAPHIES OF MEMORY IN THE PERSPECTIVES OF TEXT,CONFLICT AND PERFORMANCE

本文尝试从文本、冲突与展演视角评述近年来西方人文地理学领域发表的记忆研究论文,研究发现,尽管研究议题趋于多样化,但都表达对记忆政治性、叙事本质以及展演性的关注,具体表现在对纪念景观空间叙事的文本政治学分析,大尺度记忆场域中的记忆构建主体多元化、空间占有与反抗以及记忆创伤等记忆政治议题,个体记忆如何被身体贮存、携带甚至时空迁移并通过身体实践而被再次激活等方面。在社会转型时期城市空间与人口结构剧烈变化背景下,如何借鉴与应用西方记忆地理学相关理论,更深入地剖析具有本土特色的案例素材,应成为我国记忆地理学未来发展方向。

Centered on the concept of collective memory, western geographies of memory have mainly drawn upon explorations of lieux de mémoire with a focus on the categorical relationship between memory and space. Dwyer and Alderman furthered researches along this line by pointing out that there exist three types of metaphors—text, arena and performance—in current studies of urban collective memory, which are employed to discuss topics like symbolic meanings of memorial landscapes and space, political conflicts over being remembered or forgotten and staged performance of memory through ceremonies, rituals and body movement. With the interference of Non-representational Geographies into memory studies, a turn of affectperformance integration has been witnessed in the research method of western geographies of memory, coupled with increasing attention paid to individual memory on the corporeal level and its performativity and relational nature.We found that even though western geographical studies of memory vary greatly in the choice of topics due to the interdisciplinary background of memory studies, they are commonly concerned with memory’ s political, narrative and performative nature. Specifically, this is reflected in：（1） the formation of the politics of text for memorial landscape narratives and the conformation with the traditional politics of memory for researches on public space;（2） renewed perception of the relations between memory and narratives with an emphasis put on various forms of written and spoken narratives;（3） more attention paid to the role of art, domestic materials and practices in the diverse modes through which memory functions as well as to the embodied character or performance of memory in corporeal space.