清代清水江流域木材交易繁盛的原因分析

On Reasons of the Timber Trade Flourishing in the Qing River Basin in Qing Dynasty

贵州省清水江流域的林业发展史是一部值得研究的历史,这里曾创造出辉煌的木商文化,被誉为木材贸易的黄金时代。该流域的木材贸易自宋元开始,盛行于明清,延续至民国,有五百年历史。与以往朝代不同,清代该流域木材交易量曾创历史新高,其背后的原因,是非常值得研究的。本文认为这跟良好的地域环境、清王朝对疆土的深度拓展、区域性木材市场网络的形成、人口急剧增长背景下地方族群的另类生计模式及王朝政策和土办法的共管共治这五大因素相关。

The history of forestry development in the Qing river basin of Guizhou province is a history worthy of study,which had created a glorious history of wood business and also is known as the golden age of timber trade.The basin＇s timber trade with five hundred years history rised the Song and Yuan Dynasties,flourished in the Ming and Qing Dynasties,continued the Republic of China.Different from the previous dynasties,the trading volume of the time in the Qing Dynasty has been the highest record,it is worth to study the topic about exploring the reasons.The paper considers this with five factors related：good geographical environment,the depth development of the territory of the Qing Dynasty,the formation of regional timber market network,looking for alternative livelihoods models under the background of the rapid population growth,and co-management governance between the dynasty policy and native solution.