茶梅叶片结构对自然变温的适应

Adaptability of Camellia sasanqua leaf morphology during natural changes in temperature

以茶梅叶片为试材,通过田间形态观测、常规石蜡切片和扫描电镜方法,测定茶梅叶片形态、叶片结构和气孔特征在自然变温过程中的适应性变化.结果表明:随着温度的逐渐降低,茶梅叶色由绿色逐渐变为暗绿色,并出现白色或紫色斑点;相对电导率和枯叶率呈先升高后下降的趋势,3月相对电导率和枯叶率最高,分别为56.0%和25.4%;2014年9月—2015年4月自然变温期间,茶梅叶片中脉厚度、叶片厚度、上下角质层厚度、上下表皮细胞厚度、栅栏组织、海绵组织厚度、中脉突起度、细胞紧实度均呈先上升后下降的趋势,而细胞疏松度先降低后增加,各指标在不同月份间差异显著;2014年10、12月和2015年3月茶梅叶片气孔长度、宽度变化不显著,3月关闭气孔所占比例最高.茶梅通过叶片结构和气孔的关闭提高自身对低温逆境的适应性.

In this study, the adaptability of leaf shape, structure and stomata characteristics of Ca- mellia sasanqua to temperature variation in natural process was investigated by field morphological observation, conventional paraffin section and scanning electron microscopy methods. The results showed that, as the temperature decreased, the leaf color changed from green to dark green, toge- ther with white and purple spots on the leaves. The relative conductivity and the percentage of wi- thered leaves increased initially and then decreased during this period. The highest percentages of relative conductivity and withered leaves in March 2015 were 56.0% and 25.4%, respectively. Dif- ferent leaf tissue structure indexes, including middle vein thickness, leaf thickness, upper and lower epidermis thickness, upper and lower cuticle thickness, palisade tissue thickness, spongy tissue thickness, ratio of palisade tissue to spongy tissue, cell tense ratio and vein protuberant degree were also determined during the natural temperature change from September 2014 to April 2015. Gradual- ly, these parameters increased initially and then decreased with the decrease of temperature except spongy ratio, which showed the opposite trend. These indicators above changed significantly in dif- ferent months. Stomata length and width were not significantly changed in October 2014, December 2014 and March 2015, while the percentage of completely closed stomata was higher in March 2015, compared with other months. Taken together, we proposed that the improved adaptability of cold tolerance of C. sasanqua relies on the changes of leaf structure and stomatal closure.