鸭绿江口湿地滩涂表层沉积物重金属空间分布特征及生态风险评价

Spatial distribution and potential ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in sediments of Yalu River estuary wetland mudflat

利用GIS软件空间内插值法分析鸭绿江河口近海湿地滩涂表层沉积物重金属的空间分布特征,并采用环境风险指数法和潜在生态危害指数法进行重金属元素的生态风险评价.结果表明：研究区表层沉积物中的重金属含量与国内典型河口湿地相比处于较高水平.从空间分布上看,重金属含量东部高于西部,在人类活动密集区存在明显的累积性.环境风险指数法分析结果表明,Cu对该区域环境污染的影响最大,而Hakanson潜在生态危害指数法分析结果表明,Hg和Cd的潜在生态危害最大,重金属的综合潜在生态危害指数介于93.65～507.20,平均值为189.30,属于中等生态危害,并以东部潜在危害程度最大,应作为今后重金属污染防治的重点区域.

Kriging interpolation analysis was conducted with ArcGIS to find out the distribution characteristics of heavy metals concentrations in the surface sediments of the coastal wetland mudflat on the Yalu River estuary, environmental risk index and Hakanson potential ecological risk index were used to assess their extents of pollution in this area. The concentrations of heavy metals in the surface sediments of the study area were at a relatively high level compared with the typical estuar- ine wetland. The concentration of heavy metals in the east was higher than that in the west, and in the human activity area, the concentration was higher. Cu was found to contribute the most to the pollution status based on environmental risk index method, while Hg and Cd produced the greatest potential ecological harm according to Hankanson Potential ecological risk index method. The aver- age potential ecological risk index （RI） of the Yalu River estuary wetland was 189.30 （ranged from 93.65-507.20）, suggesting a moderate ecological risk. However, the potential ecological risk was highest in the east and should be treated as the major heavy metal pollution prevention area in the future.