雨养条件下控失肥对夏玉米产量的影响

Effect of Loss-control Fertilizer on Yield of Winter Wheat and Summer Maize Under Rain-fed Condition

环渤海低平原区水资源匮乏,土壤瘠薄盐碱,制约着粮食的高产,亟需构建“中低产区增产、节水”的技术措施。在夏玉米生长季,选择不同类型控失肥并设置不同控失肥施肥比例,研究在雨养条件下控失肥对夏玉米产量及产量构成的影响,以期为环渤海低平原区粮食的节水、增产提供新思路。研究结果表明：1在保证N和P2O5施肥量同当地施肥量基本一致、相同雨养条件下,施用控失肥夏玉米产量提高了11%~17%;且不同类型控失肥对夏玉米产量没有显著影响;控失肥一次性作底肥为施入,夏玉米增产10%~11%,但可以减少了追肥的劳动力。2环渤海低平原区夏玉米为补充灌溉,在干旱和正常年份,夏玉米即使不进行灌溉,仅施用控失肥替代常规肥料,也能获得高产。3控失肥可以显著提高肥料农学效率。与当地常规施肥处理相比,夏玉米控失肥处理N和P的肥料农学效率分别提高了308%和432%。

The water shortage and soil barren salinity restricted grain yield in the area of low plain around Bohai Sea ,and it is need to build the yield increasing and water-saving measures .During the growing seasons of summer maize ,different fertilize types and pro‐portions of loss-control fertilizer were devised ,effects of loss-controlled fertilizer on yield of maize were analyzed under rain-fed con‐dition .Results indicated that ,compared with convention fertilizer ,the yield of summer maize with applying loss-controlled fertilizer were increased by 11% ~17% under rain-fed condition .And there was no significant effect of different types of loss-control fertiliz‐ers on summer maize yields .The yield of summer maize were increased by 10% ~11% when taking the loss-control fertilizer as base , which can decrease labor force of topdressing .The yield of summer maize only by applying the loss-control fertilizer were also stable in drought and normal years .The loss-control fertilizer can significantly improve agronomic efficiency of fertilize .Compared with convention fertilizer ,the nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer efficiency of agriculture of summer maize with applying loss-control fertil‐izer were improved by 308% and 432% respectively .