马基雅维利与尼采专制主义政治道德思想探析

On the Autocratic Political Morality of Machiavelli and Nietzsche

马基雅维利与尼采都主张专制思想,试图通过不同的方式,为专制寻求道德上的支撑点。他们认为君主与超人是道德价值的自立者,凡人与末人是传统道德的束缚者。由于有相似的出身且所处的时代都面临资本主义经济的发展要求,他们力图创造出与以往不同的新的道德价值体系——"政治无道德"和"主人道德"。从历史意义上看,马基雅维利与尼采大胆地撕去了罩在专制者面前的"善良道德"面纱,将专制者真实的道德状况赤裸裸地揭示在世人面前。从现实意义看,他们从被统治者的"被服从倾向"引出专制者存在的合理性,对现代民主思想具有一定的警示作用。

Both Machiavelli and Nietzsche advocated autocracy,though their ways to seek moral support for it are different. They thought that monarchs and the Supermen were the establishers of moral values while the ordinary people and the last men were restrained by traditional morality. Since they had similar family backgrounds and witnessed alike the rise of a capitalist economy,both tried to create a new system of moral values-- ＂ political immorality＂ and ＂ master’s morality＂. From the historical point of view,Machiavelli and Nietzsche boldly tore off the moral veil of the despots and revealed their real morality to the world. They pointed out that the rationality of autocracy derived from the ＂ obedient tendency＂ of the common people. The practical significance lies in that this serves as a warning to modern democracy.