我国粮食价格形成机制沿革的历史回顾与探讨

Historical Reflection and Exploration of China's Grain Pricing Mechanism

粮食价格形成机制的核心是政府及其市场主体在粮食价格水平决定中的作用机制。改革开放前,政府影响力在我国粮食价格形成中起着决定性作用。改革开放后,我国粮食价格形成机制的变迁以不断调适政府对粮食价格水平决定的影响力为主线,经历了从政府直接控制价格水平到间接影响价格水平形成的转折。总体而言,在粮食供求关系偏紧时,往往通过政府强势的价格影响力来实现粮食增产,而当粮食供求关系偏松时,政府强势影响价格的弊端就会累积性呈现。从改革开放以来粮食价格形成机制的变化及其调整来看,我国一直没有找到粮食供求关系偏松状况下有效的粮食价格形成机制。未来我国粮食价格形成机制改革的关键是政府在粮食价格水平决定中应发挥怎样的作用,而不是放任粮食市场自发形成价格,否则我国粮食市场过度波动难以避免,粮食生产长期稳定发展难免受到影响。

Grain pricing mechanism might focus on how governments and marketers decide grain prices. Before the open and reform,governments played a decisive role in China＇s grain pricing. Since the open and reform,China has gradually adjusted the government influence on grain prices and the grain pricing has experienced the changes in government influence from direct control over grain prices to indirect adjustment. Generally speaking,in case of tight grain supply and demand,it is usual practice to realize the increase of grain output through the strong government influence on price. However,in case of slack grain supply and demand,the adverse effect of the strong government influence on price would accumulate to pop up. From the change and adjustment in China＇s grain pricing since the open and reform,China＇s governments have failed to find an effective grain pricing mechanism in case of slack grain supply and demand. In the future,the key to China＇s grain pricing reform should explore how the governments play a role in influencing the grain prices instead of laissez-faire policy for spontaneous grain prices on grain market.Otherwise,the excessive fluctuation is unavoidable on China＇s grain market and it is inevitable to affect a long-term stable development in grain production.