中国粮食价格形成机制逆市场化的逻辑:观念的局限与体制的制约

Logic of Anti-Marketization in China's Grain Pricing Mechanism:Idea Limitation and Institutional Constraint

近十年来,中国粮食价格形成机制日益逆市场化,并最终固化为以政府定价为核心。这种逆市场化的价格形成机制,在短期内增强粮食产能和助力农民增收的同时,也在中长期内导致中国粮食生产、流通、进口、库存、加工、消费的全面扭曲。文章着重从观念和体制角度,探讨了中国粮食价格形成机制逆市场化的内在逻辑:观念的局限主要在于不信任市场,对粮食供求形势过分紧张,过度强调粮食总产量,而静态化思维、历史记忆、惯性判断及前期经验又强化了以上观念;体制的制约主要在于独大且难以监控的单一政府储备主体与叠床架屋的涉粮行政管理体制。中国粮食价格形成机制逆市场化,源于落伍的观念与体制的制约之间的相互强化,因而,中国粮食价格形成机制改革,必须同时转变观念与加快体制调整。

Over the past decade,China＇s grain pricing mechanism has been increasingly oriented against market,and gradually stereotyped into government pricing as its core. Such anti-marketization pricing mechanism can enhance the grain production and boost farmers＇ income in a short term. Meanwhile,in a medium and long term it leads to comprehensive distortion in China＇s grain production,distribution,import,storage,processing,consumption,etc. With the focus on idea and institution perspectives,this paper discusses the inherent logic of anti-marketization in China＇s grain price mechanism：（ 1） the idea limitations mainly lie in the distrust in market,too much tension on grain supply and demand,excessive emphasis on grain output,and static thinking,historical memory,inertia judgment and early experience have reinforced the above ideas;（ 2） the institutional constraints mainly lie in the single government reserve body which is dominant and difficult to monitor and the reduplicated grain-related administrative management system. The anti-marketization in China＇s grain pricing mechanism is originated from the mutual reinforcement between outdated idea and institutional constraint. Therefore,the reform of China＇s grain pricing mechanism must change the idea and accelerate the institutional adjustment simultaneously.