荒漠生态系统服务功能货币化评估——以塔里木河干流胡杨林为例

The monetized evaluation of desert ecosystem services——A case of Populus euphratica forest in Tarim river basin

生态系统的状况与人类福祉息息相关,而制定相关保护政策逆转生态系统服务退化趋势的有力保障是:对生态系统服务价值进行系统准确的货币评估。文中从塔里木河流域大尺度,量化胡杨林对整个荒漠生态系统的服务功能价值。结果表明:结合小尺度实验数据修正了部分核心功能的物质与价值当量,测算结果精度提高;塔里木河区域43.93×10~4hm^2的天然胡杨林生态系统服务价值为402.75×10~8元,其间接价值中保护土壤、涵养水源与气候调节、维持生物多样性的功能凸显,占到总价值的96.54%,对改善与修复区域生态系统的敏感性与脆弱性作用明显;胡杨林林冠、枯枝落叶与林下土壤的持水能力大大提高了整个荒漠生态系统水文效应的平衡。随着降雨与洪水增多,林下灌木与草本植被盖度与种类显著提高。有效发挥荒漠河岸林在绿洲生态系统的经济、生态和社会价值是维持南疆经济社会可持续发展的有力保障。

The condition of the ecological system is closely related to the human＇s well - being, and accurately monetary assessment of the ecosystem service value is the powerful guarantee for making related protection policy to turn degradation trend of ecosystem. From the large scale of Tarim river basin, this research quantitated the service function value of P. euphratica forest to the whole desert ecosystem. Combed with the experimental data in small scale the material and value equivalent of the partly core functions were revised, and the accuracy of measurement results was improved. The ecosystem service value about 43.93 ×10^4hm^2 natural P. euphratica forest in Tarim river area was 402.75 ×10^ 8 Yuan ; the functions of the soil protection, water conservation and climate regulation, biodiversity maintaining were highlight in its indirect values, accounting for 96.54% of the total value. So it was obvious to improve and repair the sensitivity and fragihty of ecological system. The water - holding capacity from canopy of P. euphratica forest, litter and forest soil greatly improved the balance of hydrological effects about desert ecosystem, along with the increase in precipitation and flood, the coverage and species of understory shrubs and herbaceous vegetation increased significantly. Playing the economic and ecological and social value effectively of the desert riparian forest in oasis ecosystem is the powerful guarantee to maintain sustainable economic and social development in southern Xinjiang.