基于牧民放牧行为的青海湖流域放牧路线研究——以刚察县为例

The research on grazing routes in Qinghai Lake watershed based on the grazing behavior of herdsmen-A case of Gangcha County

牧民对草地资源的利用在时间和空间维度上的移动形成了放牧路线,放牧路线决定草地资源的利用顺序,合理的利用顺序可提升牧民对草地资源利用的科学性,维护区域资源环境与经济的可持续发展,而当前却鲜有对放牧路线的探讨。文中以青海湖流域刚察县为例,提出了放牧路线的划定方法和原则:首先建立放牧优先等级评价指标体系评价草地资源的放牧优先等级;然后基于牧民的放牧行为调查划分四季牧场;最后以优先利用放牧优先等级高的草地和尊重牧民季节轮牧的放牧习惯为主要原则,结合交通路线、居民点、四季牧场面积等因素规划放牧路线。运用该路线可为牧民合理放牧提供依据,研究方法也可为其他牧区放牧路线的规划提供借鉴。

The movement of herdsmen＇s grassland utilization in the scale of time and space forms grazing routes. Grazing routes determine the using order of grassland. The reasonable using order can enhance the scientific utilization of grassland resources and maintain the sustainable development of regional resources, environment and the economy. But currently there is little research on grazing routes. This research took Gangcha County in Qinghai Lake watershed as an example, presented the principles and methods of designing routes： firstly we established evaluation index system to evaluate grassland grazing priority levels; then based on the grazing behavior investigation and the altitude we divided seasonal grassland; finally we gave priority to the use of high priority grazing grassland and respected herdsmen ＇s grazing habits as the main principle, and combined with the traffic routes, residential location and the area of seasonal grassland to design grazing routes. The use of these routes can provide a basis for the reasonable grazing, and the research method can also provide reference for other pastoral areas.