哈密盆地绿洲带地下水数值模拟及资源评价

The numerical simulation of groundwater and the evaluation of groundwater resources for the Oasis in Hami basin

哈密盆地是我国水资源最为贫乏的地区之一,但是近年来对地下水的大幅度开采导致了地下水位持续下降。为了研究哈密盆地绿洲带的地下水资源情况,构建了区域三维地下水流模型,模拟结果显示:哈密盆地绿洲带多年平均地下水补给量为5.51亿m^3/a,排泄量为6.58亿m^3/a,均衡差为1.03亿m^3/a。其中补给主要来源为暴雨洪流、山前侧向径流,河水入渗,井灌回归等,占总补给量的81.95%,排泄则以人工开采为主,占总排泄量的79.72%。在区域模型现状开采条件下,模拟了20年后地下水位的降深情况,并尝试通过优化开采布局的方法减缓绿洲带地下水降落漏斗的形成,结果表明优化开采布局有一定的可行性。

Hami basin is one of the most arid region in China. What＇ s more, due to the large extent of groundw- ater exploitation, the groundwater level continued to decline. In order to comprehend the groundwater condition in the Oasis of the Hami basin, the regional three - dimension groundwater flow model was used. According to the simulation results, the amount of the average annual recharge of the oasis in Hami basin accounts for 5.51 - 10^8m^3. The main sources of the system are lateral flow, river seepage and infiltration recharge of irrigation. While the discharge amount of the system is 6.58 × 10^8m^3, which is mainly composed by artificial exploitation. On the basis of the regional model, the groundwater flow field in the next two decades was simulated and then the drawdown in different groundwater exploitations layout was discussed according to the theory that groundwater exploitation layout has a great influence on regional groundwater flow field. The result showed that the layout used now needs to be improved.