内蒙古农牧交错带聚落的格局特征及其形成过程研究——以扎鲁特旗为例

The pattern characteristics and formation processes of rural settlements in the agro-pastoral zone-the case of Jarud Banner,Inner Mongolia,China

现代化进程中,农牧交错带聚落的形成、演变及分布格局具有很强的特殊性。文中利用地图资料、统计资料、深度访谈资料、地名志及地方志等资料建立聚落数据库,基于个案分析,研究了内蒙古扎鲁特旗聚落格局与形成。研究发现：牧村小且稀疏,蒙古族居多;半农半牧村规模适中,分布不均,蒙汉杂居;农业村大且密集,汉族居多。聚落形成经过四个阶段,即择优生成期（1932年前）;缓慢增长期（1932-1949年）;快速扩展期（1949-1980年）;形成回落期（1980年后）。农牧交错带的聚落形成过程中,聚落类型、布局、景观在不断地变迁,对当地人民生活、公共服务、社会经济的改善和发展产生了积极作用。目前,农牧交错区的新农村建设应充分考虑不同类型聚落的差异性。

During the process of the modernization, the formation, evolution and spatial pattern of the settlements in agropastoral zone have strong particularity. In this research we established a settlement database with the data from map, statistics, interviews and local chronicles and studied the pattern and formation of Jarud Banner settlement in Inner Mongolia. The research results showed that pasturing settlements are small, sparse and with more Mongolian residents, farming settlements are large, dense and with more Han residents, semi -farm semi - pasturing settlements are in moderate scale, distribute unevenly and with mixed Mongolian and Han residents. There are four stages of the formation of the settlement： the early initiative stage （before 1932） , the slow growth stage （1932 -1949）, the rapid expansion stage （1949 -1980） and the slowing down stage （after 1980）. Settlement type, layout and landscape constantly changed in the process of the settlement formation of pastoral transitional zone. It has been playing an active role in the improvement of local people＇s life, public service and social economy. At present, the differences of different types of settlements should be taken into consideration in the construction of new rural areas in the agro -pastoral zone.