不同灌溉方式下棉田土壤盐分变化分析——以玛纳斯河中游典型灌区为例

The change analysis of cotton field soil salt under different irrigation modes-A case study in typical irrigation area in the middle reaches of the Manas River

采用田间取样、土样实验室分析以及统计分析等方法,对新疆玛纳斯河中游灌区漫灌、滴灌2种灌溉方式下棉田土壤含盐量在棉花全生长季的变化进行定量分析。结果表明:从土层角度分析,漫灌棉田0-100cm整个剖面土层以及各土层土壤平均盐分值低于滴灌棉田;漫灌棉花生长期内土壤盐分主要集中在40-60cm土层,而滴灌棉田土壤盐分主要集中在20-40cm土层;滴灌棉花生长期内各土层土壤盐分分布较漫灌棉田土壤盐分更均匀。从时间角度分析,漫灌棉田0-100cm整个剖面土层以及各土层盐分峰值出现的时间早于滴灌棉田;漫灌棉花生长期内各土层盐分峰值出现在5月或6月份,而滴灌棉田各土层盐分峰值出现在6月或7月份,6月或7月是漫灌、滴灌棉田垂直土层盐分分布比较均匀的时间。研究结论对减缓土壤盐渍化、指导灌溉施肥管理以及改善可持续土地利用的可能措施均有积极意义。

Research for changes of soil water and salt is an important content of land sciences and agriculture sciences in arid and semi -arid regions. In this paper, sampling in actual agricultural fields, laboratory analysis of soil samples and statistical analysis methods were used to quantitatively analyze soil salinity changes under different irrigation methods throughout the cotton growing season in irrigation area in midstream of Manas river. The results showed that：Analysis from the aspect of the soil layer, in flood irrigation cotton fields the average soil salt of the whole and each soil layer were lower than that in drip irrigation cotton fields ; the salt of flood irrigation cotton field mainly concentrated in 40 to 60cm soil layers, while soil salt of drip irrigation cotton field concentrated in 20 to 40era soil layers in the cotton growth period; the soil salt content of each soil layer on drip irrigation mode was more uniform than that on flood irrigation mode in the cotton growth period. Analysis from the aspect of the time, the peak salt of 0 - 100cm soil and each layer on flood irrigation mode appeared earlier than that on drip irrigation mode. The peak salt on flood irrigation mode appeared in May or June, while the peak salt on drip irrigation mode appeared in June or July in the cotton growth period;June or July was the period with the most u- niform distribution of vertical soil salt on both irrigation modes in the cotton growth period. These results are beneficial for irrigation and fertilization management. Possible measures were suggested to improve sustainable land use.