土耳其政党体制变革与民主发展

Party System Change and Democratic Development in Turkey

类型学视角和制度化视角是研究政党体制与民主发展关系的两条重要路径。从政党体制类型变迁看,土耳其共和国自成立至今,先后经历了一党制、两党制、温和多党制、极化多党制和主导党制五种政党体制。转型时期,世俗精英通过军队对政治进程施加影响,成为政党体制变革的直接原因,世俗化与民主化的矛盾是推动政党体制变革的根本动力,社会动荡与经济危机是政党体制变迁的诱发因素,欧盟是影响土耳其政党体制的主要外部力量。土耳其政治转型的过程,也是其政党体制不断适应政治现实,发挥自身功能,逐步确立在政治生活中核心角色的过程。当前土耳其处于民主巩固的历史阶段,在政党体制制度化方面,还存在着一些民主政治发展的制约因素。

Typology perspective and institutionalization perspective are two important paths to researching the relationship between party system and democratic development.In terms of the type change of party system,the Republic of Turkey has experienced single-party system,two-party system,moderate multi-party system,polarized multi-party system and dominant-party system.During the transition period,secular elites influence the political process through the armed forces which becomes the direct cause for party system change.At the same time,the contradiction between secularization and democratization is the fundamental driving force promoting the party system reform.Social unrest and economic crisis is the predisposing factor for party system change.Meanwhile,the EU is the main external force impacting on Turkey's party system.Turkey's political transition process is also the process that Turkey's party system adapts to the political reality,plays its functions,and gradually establishes the central role in the political life.Currently,Turkey is in the stage of democratic consolidation.In terms of party system institutionalization,there are some constraints for democratic political development.