难民、客人、避难寻求者?——叙利亚避难者的身份困境与现实出路

Refugee,Guest,Asylum Seeker?Identity Dilemma and Realistic Solution of Syrian Refugees

2011年叙利亚危机爆发,大量叙利亚避难者逃向土耳其等周边国家,其中土耳其成为接受避难者最多的国家,从而引发了新的现实性危机。但是围绕这批叙利亚避难者,却产生了难民、客人和避难寻求者等三种身份表述。不同的身份表述造成了避难者身份定位上的困境,无论是土耳其政府还是进入土耳其的避难者很难被容纳到一个确定的身份和固定的群体中,从而对相关政策的制定以及对叙利亚避难者行动意图的认知造成重重麻烦与误解。而在当前一系列的现实困境的背后则进一步折射出土耳其在国家自身定位上的两难以及区域政治经济的不平衡,最终解决困境的出路不再可能是短期化的危机应对,而需要建立"责任共担"的长效机制。

Syrian crisis broke out in 2011 and a large number of Syrian refugees fled to Turkey and other neighboring countries.Turkey has received more refugees than any other country which has brought a new crisis in itself.During the crisis we can find three expressions of refugees'identity in Turkey and uncertain identity has caused dilemma both for the refugees and Turkey which reflects the imbalance of regional geo-political and economic situation.The ultimate solution to the plight is no longer a short-term way but the need for a long-term mechanism based on the idea of Burden Sharing.