“名义账户制”是我国养老金改革的方向吗——瑞典“名义账户制”改革评估与借鉴

The Evaluation of the Reform of the "Non-Financial Defined Contribution" Pension System

在深化养老保险制度改革中,欧亚7国"名义账户制"的实践引起了广泛关注。从改革结果来看,只有瑞典的名义账户制改革比较顺利,其他国家的改革效果仍有待检验。本文认为,瑞典改革的成功主要源于其完善的三支柱养老金体系和完整的制度设计,而在我国现行养老金体系框架之下,并不具备向名义账户制转型的制度基础,主要体现在再分配功能弱化难以缓解、待遇下降的趋势不可避免、基金结余规模小导致的基金投资壮大功能不足、记账利率波动大影响参保者的稳定预期等方面。

During the deepening reform of the pension system,the experiences of ＂Non-Financial Defined Contribution＂ in 7 countries in Europe and Asia attract broad attention.Only the experience in Sweden gain success from the results of the ＂Non-Financial Defined Contribution＂ reform,the results in the other countries need to be examined in the future.This paper holds the opinion that the success of the reform in Sweden due to the perfect ＂three-pillar＂ pension system and an integrated mechanism.The system foundation transforming to ＂Non-Financial Defined Contribution＂ is not possessed in the current pension system of China,for example,the weak function of redistribution cannot be revised,the trend of decreasing benefit cannot be stopped,the function of fund investment is limited because of the small fund surplus,the big fluctuation of the account interest rate will affect the stable expectation of the insured.