医务人员主观幸福感与社会支持及其影响因素的关系研究

The relationship among subjective well-being,social support and influence factors in medical staffs

目的 探讨医务人员主观幸福感与社会支持的关系。方法 采取系统抽样方法抽取四川省级医院在职医务人员612名,采用一般情况问卷、幸福感指数量表（IWB）、领悟社会支持量表（PSSS）对抽中的医务人员进行调查。结果 1医务人员幸福感指数平均得分为（9.91±2.92）分。2医务人员幸福感指数得分在男女之间差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。20~30岁医务人员的幸福感低于30~40岁和大于40岁以上者;护士组的幸福感低于机关组和医生组;初级职称者的幸福感低于高职称者;工作1~5年和5~10年者的幸福感低于工作10~15年者;大专学历者的幸福感低于本科和博士学历者,本科学历者的幸福感高于硕士学历者;未婚者的幸福感低于已婚者,离异者的幸福感低于未婚和已婚者,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。3幸福感分别与家庭支持、朋友支持、其他支持及总社会支持呈不同程度的正相关（r=0.220~0.255,P〈0.01）。4回归分析显示医务人员幸福感能被社会支持、职称、婚姻状况解释占8.8%。结论 不同年龄、职称、工作岗位、学历、工作年限、婚姻状况的医务人员有着不同的的幸福感体念,且与社会支持密切相关。

Objective To explore the relationship among subjective well-being, social support and influence factors in medical staffs. Methods We selected and tested 612 medical staffs from our hospital by using the systematic sampling method,and a general state questionnaire,index of well-being （IWB） and perceived social support scale （PSSS）. Results （1）The average score of IWB was 9. 91 ± 2. 92 in medical staffs. （2）There was no statistically significant between male and female medical staffs in IWB. Compared with the medical staffs with 20 - 30 years old, the medical staffs with 30 - 40 and over 40 years old had higher scores of IWB （ P 〈 0. 05 ）. The IWB score in nurse group was lower than that in groups of doctors and executive staffs （P 〈0. 01 ）. The IWB score in personnel with primary title was lower than that in advanced level accountants （P 〈0. 05）. Compared with medical staffs with the experience of 10 - 15 years, the IWB score of medical staffs with the experience of 1 - 5 and 5 - 10 years was lower （ P 〈 0.05）. The medical personnel with junior college students had lower score than the college degrees and doctoral degrees （ P 〈 0. 05 ）. The medical staffs with college degrees had higher score than stuffs with master＇s degrees （ P 〈 0. 05 ）. The divorced medical staffs had lower score than the single and married medical staffs, and the single medical staffs had lower score than the married medical staffs （ P 〈 0. 05 ）. （3） The well-being was positively correlated with family support, friend support, other support and total social support （r = 0. 220 -0. 255, P 〈 0. 01 ）. （4） Regression analysis showed that the well-being of medical staffs can be explained by social support, marital status and professional tide, accounting for 8.8%. Conclusion The well-being of medical staffs dependents on age, professional title, post of duty, educational background, working years and marital status, which are all closely related to the perceived social support.