公交车驾驶员打鼾与交通安全的相关性研究

Association between traffic safety and snoring of bus drivers

目的通过对上海市嘉定区公交车驾驶员的问卷调查和体格检查，研究打鼾严重程度与交通安全的关系。方法对嘉定区公交车驾驶员进行年度体检，收集驾驶员的体检资料；同时行阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征（OSAHS）相关的问卷调查。包括打鼾严重程度、Epworth嗜睡量表（ESS）评分、驾车嗜睡的频率、近1年内发生的交通事故等。结果共发放问卷调查表950份，回收合格表格824份。报告打鼾者576人，占69．90％。曾发生交通事故者48人，占5．83％。中度打鼾组的体重指数明显高于轻度打鼾组（P〈0．01）；中度打鼾组ESS评分I〉9分及高血压患者的比例均明显高于不打鼾组（P〈0．01）。打鼾严重程度与开车嗜睡呈正相关（r=0．148，P〈0．01）。轻、中、重度打鼾组交通事故的发生率明显高于不打鼾组（P〈0．01），中、重度打鼾组交通事故的发生率明显高于轻度打鼾组（P〈0．01）。结论随着打鼾严重程度的增加，驾驶员开车嗜睡的比例增高，交通事故的发生率上升。应重点关注中、重度打鼾的驾驶员，对其行OSAHS的检查、治疗和随访。

Objective To investigate the relationship between traffic safety and snoring of bus drivers by questionnaires and physical examination in Jiading district of Shanghai. Methods The questionnaires of OSAHS were distributed to bus drivers who received annual physical examination. The data of physical examination, sleep snoring, Epworth Sleepiness Scale （ESS） scores, the frequency of sleepiness while driving, the number of traffic accidents in the past year were collected. Results Totally 950 questionnaires were sent out and 824 responses were eligible. There were 576 bus drivers with self-reported snoring with a snoring prevalence rate of 69.90%. There were 48 persons reporting histories of traffic accidents（ 5.83% ）. The BMI of moderate snoring group was significantly higher than mild snoring group（P 〈0.01）. The rates of ESS I〉9 and hypertension in moderate snoring group were significantly higher than mild snoring group（ P 〈 0.01 ）. There were significant positive correlations between the degree of snoring and sleepiness while driving （ r = 0. 148, P 〈 0. 01 ）. The incidence of traffic accidents in mild, moderate and severe snoring group was significantly higher than that without snoring group（ P 〈 0.01 ） and the moderate and severe snoring group were higher than mild group （ P 〈 0.01 ）. Conclusion The result shows that the proportion of sleepiness while driving and the incidence of traffic accidents increase with the severity of snoring increasing. It is very important to pay more attention to moderate and severe snoring drivers and screen OSAHS, ensure that all patients are effectively treated and followed-up.