直播油菜盛花至荚果期渍后修复技术研究

Remedial Measures of Direct-Seeding Rapeseed Encountering Subsurface Waterlogging in Flowering to Poding Stage

研究了直播甘蓝型油菜(华油杂9号)盛花期至荚果期对渍水胁迫的反应及渍后修复效果。结果表明,渍水使油菜植株根系生长受阻,根重远小于对照,植株下部黄叶增多、衰老加速;油菜功能叶片叶绿素SPAD值逐渐降低,MDA含量增加;根系活力下降;有效角果数、单株产量降低。渍水胁迫解除后喷施脱落酸、磷酸二氢钾、磷酸二氢钾+硼酸可有效改善渍害对植株生长的影响,增加根重;各喷施调控剂处理均使叶片叶绿素SPAD值缓慢回升;芸薹素内酯、脱落酸、胺鲜酯、硼肥及磷酸二氢钾可有效减缓细胞膜脂过氧化作用,降低丙二醛含量;胺鲜酯、复硝酚钠、磷酸二氢钾及脱落酸有助于根系活力的恢复;复硝酚钠、脱落酸、磷酸二氢钾+硼酸可有效提高单株产量,减缓渍害。

In this paper, the subsurface waterlogging-response and remedial measures effects on direct-seeding rapeseed （Huayouza No.9） in flowering to poding stage were studied. The results indicated that the rape root growth was blocked, root dry weight far less than the control, yellow leaves in the lower part of the plant increased and aging accelerated after sub- surface waterlogging stress, chlorophyll SPAD value in rape function leaves reduced gradually, the malondialdehyde （MDA） content increased rapidly, root activity reduced, effective pod number and rapeseed production decreased. When the stresses relieved, spraying abscises acid（ABA）, potassium phosphate monobasic （PK）, potassium phosphate monobasic combined with boron fertilizer （PK＋B） could alleviate waterlogging damage on plant growth, and increase root weight; Chlorophyll SPAD val- ue recoverd slowly, but there was no remarkable difference between different treatment; Spraying brassinolide （BR）, ABA, diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate（DA-6）, boric fertilizer（B） and PK could effectively slow down the cell membrane lipid peroxidation, and MDA content decreased rapidly; DA-6, CSN, PK, ABA contributed to the recovery of root activity; CSN, PK and PK＋B could increase yield per plant,and effectively alleviate subsurface waterlogging hazard.