干果贮藏害虫印度谷螟的研究

A Preliminary Study on Several Dry Fruits Stored Insect Plodia interpunctella

【目的】确定乌鲁木齐地区红枣、葡萄干、巴旦木、核桃、杏仁、杏脯等干果贮藏害虫种类及其优势种，研究优势贮藏害虫在乌鲁木齐的年生活史、不同食料对其发育历期的影响及自然天敌对其控制作用。【方法】采集不同来源贮藏害虫危害的干果，鉴定其贮藏害虫种类及优势贮藏害虫，以印度谷螟幼虫接种葡萄干研究印度谷螟在乌鲁木齐的年生活史。采用初产印度谷螟卵接种红枣、葡萄干、玉米粉、黄豆粉、人工饲料等五种食料，分析五种食料对印度谷螟卵～成虫发育历期的影响。采集野生麦蛾茧蜂成蜂接种印度谷螟幼虫，分析麦蛾茧蜂对印度谷螟幼虫的控制作用。【结果】印度谷螟在供试五种干果样品中危害比例为100％，花斑皮蠹和锯谷盗仅在部分核桃、杏干、巴旦木等干果中有危害，印度谷螟一年可发生三代。28℃、40％RH培养条件下，人工饲料、黄豆粉、红枣、葡萄干、玉米粉卵一成虫发育历期分别为（30．66±5．02）d、（53．98±5．30）d、（59．91±5．48）d、（68．54±6．16）d、（74．61±9．24）d。野生麦蛾茧蜂对印度谷螟5～6龄老熟幼虫的单雌寄生率达（43．80±20．63）％，麻痹率达100％。【结论】乌鲁木齐地区干果优势贮藏害虫为印度谷螟，印度谷螟在乌鲁木齐一年可发生三代，五种食料培养条件下印度谷螟卵一成虫发育历期由长至短依次为玉米粉〉葡萄干〉红枣〉黄豆粉〉人工饲料，人工饲料可作为印度谷螟人工繁殖饲料，野生麦蛾茧蜂对印度谷螟幼虫具有较好的控制作用，其具备较好的生防应用前景。

This project aims to determine the dominant storage pests in dried fruits such as red dates, raisins, almonds, walnuts, apricots, preserved apricot in Urumqi area, and determine the life history of dominant storage pests and the effects of different diets on the developmental period of dominant storage pests, and the role of natural enemies to control dominant storage pests. [ Method ] Dry fruits were collected from different locations in Urumqi and storage pest species and dominant storage pests in these dry fruits were identified. Inoculated The larva of P. interpunctella was inoculated into raisins and the life history of P. inter- punctella in Urumqi was studied. Eggs of P. interpunctella were inoculated to five foods such as red dates, rai- sins, corn flour, soybean powder and feed A, The influence of five kinds of food on P. interpunctella eggs a- dult growth period was analyzed. Wild Habrobracon hebetor Say was collected and inoculated to larva of P. in- terpunctella to analyze the parasitic effect of wild Microbracon hebetor. [ Result] The hazard ratio of dried fruit sample such as red dates, walnuts, raisins, dried apricots, almonds which were damaged by P. interpuncteUa was 100 percent, and some walnuts, dried apricots and almonds were damaged by Trogoderma and Oryzaephi- lus surinamensis. P. interpunctella could live for three generations in Urumqi in one year. The average devel- opmental duration from egg to adult stage of P. interpunctella fed with feed A, soybean powder, red dates, rai- sins, corn powder were respectively as （30.66 -＋5.02） days, （53.98 ＋5.30） days, （59.91 -＋5.48） days, （68.54 ＋6.16） days and （74.61 ＋9.24） days. The average parasitic rate of 5 -6 instar P. interpunctella larvae parasited by one female wild Habrobracon hebetor was （43.80 _＋ 20.63 ） %, the rate of paralysis was 100%. [ Conclusion]The dominant storage pests of dry fruits in Urumqi area was P. interpunctella, P. inter- punctella could live for three generations in Urumqi in one year. When P. interpunctella were fed with five kinds of feed, the average developmental duration from egg to adult stage of P. interpunctella sorted by the length of time was corn powder 〉 raisins 〉 red dates 〉 soybean powder 〉 artificial feed. Artificial feed could be used as artificial reproduction feed of P. interpunctella. Wild Habrobracon hebetor has better effect on parasitic larvae of P. interpunctella, which has a good prospect for the application of biological control.